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The hypothenar muscles are a group of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger.

Carpal tunnel and thenar and hypothenar eminences

The three muscles are:^[1]

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

Structure

The muscles of hypothenar eminence are from lateral to medial:

Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

The intrinsic muscles of hand can be remembered using the mnemonic, "A OF A OF A" for, Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Adductor pollicis (thenar muscles), Opponens digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi (Hypothenar muscles).^[2]

Clinical significance

"Hypothenar atrophy" is associated with the lesion of the ulnar nerve, which supplies the three hypothenar muscles.

Hypothenar hammer syndrome is a vascular occlusion of this region.^[3]

References

^ "Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics". Retrieved 2008-01-16.
^ "Medical mnemonics". LifeHugger. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
^ Cooke RA (2003). "Hypothenar hammer syndrome: a discrete syndrome to be distinguished from hand-arm vibration syndrome". Occup Med (Lond) 53 (5): 320–4. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg071. PMID 12890831.

External links

-1214644166 at GPnotebook
EatonHand mus-083
Anatomy figure: 08:04-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Slides
lesson5mus&tendonsofhand at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome: Long-Term Results After Vascular Reconstruction.

Kitzinger HB1, van Schoonhoven J, Schmitt R, Hacker S, Karle B.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2016 Jan;76(1):40-5. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000562.
BACKGROUND: Hypothenar hammer syndrome is a rare vascular lesion of the distal ulnar artery in Guyon tunnel caused by acute or repetitive blunt trauma to the hypothenar eminence. Described treatment options vary greatly, from nonoperative management treatments to surgical interventions. The aim of t
PMID 26010354

Hypothenar hammer syndrome: long-term follow-up after ulnar artery reconstruction with the lateral circumflex femoral artery.

de Niet A1, Van Uchelen JH2.
The Journal of hand surgery, European volume.J Hand Surg Eur Vol.2015 Dec 19. pii: 1753193415622592. [Epub ahead of print]
In symptomatic patients with hypothenar hammer syndrome, the occluded part of the ulnar artery can be reconstructed with an autologous graft. Venous grafts are used frequently, but they are known for their low patency rate. Arterial grafts show better patency rates than venous grafts in coronary byp
PMID 26686806

Revision surgery for recurrent and persistent carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical results and factors affecting outcomes.

Djerbi I1, César M2, Lenoir H2, Coulet B2, Lazerges C2, Chammas M2.
Chirurgie de la main.Chir Main.2015 Dec;34(6):312-7. doi: 10.1016/j.main.2015.08.010. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
Thirty-eight hands in 36 patients with recurrent or persistent carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were reviewed retrospectively after a mean of 51months (range 12-86) to identify factors that may lead to poor outcomes after surgical management. Clinical assessment focused on pain and sensitivity recovery,
PMID 26545311

Japanese Journal

Guyon管症候群の神経伝導検査による検討

江上貴子,中山祐子,冨田由美子,鈴木加奈子,伊藤順子,一山智
医学検査 63(1), 41-47, 2014
… These findings indicate deep motor branch (distal to hypothenar muscles) lesions. … These findings indicate deep motor branch (proximal to hypothenar muscles) lesions. …
NAID 130005057026

小指球ハンマー症候群との鑑別を要した手掌静脈血栓の1例

藤田章啓,山下英樹,遠藤宏冶,山下優嗣,永島英樹
整形外科と災害外科 63(3), 589-592, 2014
【症例】50歳の女性．主訴は右手掌違和感と腫瘤形成である．約1年前より右手掌部に上肢下垂で増強，挙上で軽減する違和感が生じた．徐々に肢位による差は消失し，同部に腫瘤形成と圧痛が生じた．仕事中に右小指球部を打ち付ける習慣があった．血行再建の準備をした上で腫瘤切除を行ったところ，動脈との連続性はなく，組織検査の結果は静脈血栓であった．【考察】術前には病変部位と病歴より小指球ハンマー症候群が疑われたが， …
NAID 130004713190

手掌部尺骨動脈動脈瘤の1例

渡邉睦,池口良輔,竹内久貴,奥谷祐希,金村卓,安田義
中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 57(5), 1049-1050, 2014
NAID 130004703773

Related Pictures

Common flexor sheath of hand - Wikipedia tunnel and tenar and hypothenar eminences Anatomie du poignet ? أسباب ضمور عضلات اليد Hand Muscles Hypothenar - Medical Art Image, Photo Éminences thénar et and deep layers of the hypothenar muscles Pin Hypothenar Eminence Evaluation With

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「小指球」
拡張検索	「hypothenar hammer syndrome」

「小指球」

Hypothenar eminence
	The mucous sheaths of the tendons on the front of the wrist and digits. (Hypothenar eminence labeled at center right.)
	Transverse section across the wrist and digits. (Muscles of little finger labeled at upper right.)
Details
Latin	eminentia hypothenaris
Insertion	5th metacarpal and proximal phalynx
Artery	ulnar artery
Nerve	deep branch of ulnar nerve
Actions	control movement of the 5th digit
Gray's	p.546
Dorlands; /Elsevier	h_23/12440437
	Anatomical terms of muscle

　　[★]

英: hypothenar eminence (N), hypothenar

図：N.401

「hypothenar hammer syndrome」

　　[★] 小指球ハンマー症候群

[titleIntrinsic_Muscles_of_the_Hand_-_Wheeless_Textbook_of_Orthopaedics-1] "Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics". Retrieved 2008-01-16.

[LHC-2] "Medical mnemonics". LifeHugger. Retrieved 2009-12-19.

[pmid12890831-3] Cooke RA (2003). "Hypothenar hammer syndrome: a discrete syndrome to be distinguished from hand-arm vibration syndrome". Occup Med (Lond) 53 (5): 320–4. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg071. PMID 12890831.

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hypothenar