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lessened sensitivity to odors

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/05/19 12:50:52」(JST)

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Hyposmia, or microsmia,^[1] is a reduced ability to smell and to detect odors. A related condition is anosmia, in which no odors can be detected. Some of the causes of olfaction problems are allergies, nasal polyps, viral infections and head trauma. It is estimated that up to 4 million people in the United States have hyposmia or the related anosmia.

Hyposmia might be a very early sign of Parkinson's disease.^[2] Hyposmia is also an early and almost universal finding in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.^[2] Lifelong hyposmia could be caused by Kallmann syndrome.^[3]

References

^ Hawkes, Christopher H. (2002). Smell and taste complaints. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-7506-7287-0.
^ ^a ^b Factor, Stewart A., & Weiner, William J., eds. (2008). Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management, 2nd ed., pp. 72-73. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.
^ Arkoncel, ML; Arkoncel, FR; Lantion-Ang, FL (March 2011). "A case of Kallmann syndrome". BMJ Case Reports. 2011. doi:10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3727. PMC 3070321. PMID 22700069. Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder, refers to the association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia due to abnormal migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 味覚および嗅覚障害の解剖学および病因 anatomy and etiology of taste and smell disorders
2. 味覚および嗅覚障害の評価および治療 evaluation and treatment of taste and smell disorders
3. 進行性核上性麻痺（PSP） progressive supranuclear palsy psp
4. 銅欠乏性脊髄神経障害 copper deficiency myeloneuropathy
5. 成人における急性副鼻腔炎および鼻副鼻腔炎：臨床症状および診断 acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Evidence-based surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps.

Georgalas C1, Cornet M, Adriaensen G, Reinartz S, Holland C, Prokopakis E, Fokkens W.Author information 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, A2-228, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, c.georgalas@amc.nl.AbstractMeta-analysis of both large outcome studies as well as cohort studies support the safety and efficacy of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery is demonstrated in the improvement of both disease-specific and generic QOL as well as objective measures. However, this must be interpreted together with a well-recognized long-term 15-20 % revision rate, seen more often in patients with ASA trias and cystic fibrosis as well as osteitis and previous surgery. The effect of surgery is higher in managing nasal obstruction (effect size 1.7) and less so hyposmia (effect size 0.8). Allergy has an additive role on the symptomatology of CRS; however, its role if any on the outcome of ESS for CRS is unclear. The concurrent presence of aspiring sensitivity and asthma is associated with increased disease burden and more revision surgeries. Improved phenotyping of CRS may lead in the future to better tailoring of surgical treatments.
Current allergy and asthma reports.Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.2014 Apr;14(4):427. doi: 10.1007/s11882-014-0427-7.
Meta-analysis of both large outcome studies as well as cohort studies support the safety and efficacy of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery is demonstrated in the improvement of both disease-specific and generic QOL as well as objective meas
PMID 24557748

Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: A randomized, controlled, multicenter study.

Damm M1, Pikart LK, Reimann H, Burkert S, Göktas O, Haxel B, Frey S, Charalampakis I, Beule A, Renner B, Hummel T, Hüttenbrink KB.Author information 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.AbstractOBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of olfactory training (OT) on olfactory function in patients with persistent postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD).
The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2014 Apr;124(4):826-31. doi: 10.1002/lary.24340. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of olfactory training (OT) on olfactory function in patients with persistent postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD).STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, single-blind, controlled, multicenter crossover study.METHODS: Twelve tertiary u
PMID 23929687

Olfaction evaluation and correlation with brain atrophy in Bardet Biedl syndrome.

Braun JJ1, Noblet V, Durand M, Scheidecker S, Zinetti Bertschy A, Foucher J, Marion V, Muller J, Riehm S, Dollfus H, Kremer S.Author information 1Service ORL-CCF, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.AbstractBardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a well-recognized ciliopathy characterized by cardinal features namely: early onset retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, obesity, hypogonadism, renal and cognitive impairment. Recently, disorders of olfaction (anosmia, hyposmia) have also been described in BBS patients. Moreover, morphological brain anomalies have been reported and prompt for further investigations to determine whether they are primary or secondary to peripheral organ involvement (i.e.: visual or olfactory neuronal tissue). The objective of this paper is to evaluate olfactory disorders in BBS patients and to investigate putative correlation with morphological cerebral anomalies. To this end, twenty BBS patients were recruited and evaluated for olfaction using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). All of them underwent a structural MRI scan. We first investigated brain morphological differences between BBS subjects and 14 healthy volunteers. Then, we demonstrated objective olfaction disorders in BBS patients and highlight correlation between gray matter volume reduction and olfaction dysfunction in several brain areas.
Clinical genetics.Clin Genet.2014 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/cge.12391. [Epub ahead of print]
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a well-recognized ciliopathy characterized by cardinal features namely: early onset retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, obesity, hypogonadism, renal and cognitive impairment. Recently, disorders of olfaction (anosmia, hyposmia) have also been described in BBS patients.
PMID 24684473

Japanese Journal

ADの嗅覚障害とR・Wilson報告(Arch of General Psychiatry : 2007)に関する考察 : チョコレート、レモン、石鹸臭の同定能低下はADリスクが高いとする指摘と早期診断への応用について

帝京平成大学紀要 = Journal of Teikyo Heisei University 27, 195-202, 2016-03
NAID 120005751594

パーキンソン病認知機能障害のトピックス (特集パーキンソン病の基礎と臨床の最先端) -- (パーキンソン病臨床の新展開)

脳21 19(4), 374-377, 2016
NAID 40021018549

アレルギー性鼻炎と慢性副鼻腔炎における嗅覚障害の比較検討

日本鼻科学会会誌 55(4), 549-555, 2016
NAID 130005435187

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「嗅覚低下」「嗅覚減弱」「嗅覚減退」「hyposmic」「嗅覚鈍麻」

「嗅覚低下」

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英: hyposmia
関: 嗅覚鈍麻、嗅覚減退、嗅覚減弱

[show details]

嗅覚鈍麻 : 約 584 件
嗅覚減弱 : 98 件
嗅覚低下 : 約 14,200 件
嗅覚減退 : 約 1,820 件

嗅覚鈍麻 hyposmia : 83 件
嗅覚減弱 hyposmia : 42 件
嗅覚低下 hyposmia : 68 件
嗅覚減退 hyposmia : 81 件

「嗅覚減弱」

　　[★]

英: hyposmia
関: 嗅覚鈍麻、嗅覚低下、嗅覚減退

「嗅覚減退」

　　[★]

英: hyposmia
関: 嗅覚鈍麻、嗅覚低下、嗅覚減弱

「hyposmic」

　　[★]

adj.

嗅覚鈍麻の

関: hyposmia

「嗅覚鈍麻」

　　[★]

英: olfactory hypesthesia, hyposmia

[1] Hawkes, Christopher H. (2002). Smell and taste complaints. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-7506-7287-0.

[factor-2] Factor, Stewart A., & Weiner, William J., eds. (2008). Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management, 2nd ed., pp. 72-73. New York: Demos Medical Publishing.

[3] Arkoncel, ML; Arkoncel, FR; Lantion-Ang, FL (March 2011). "A case of Kallmann syndrome". BMJ Case Reports. 2011. doi:10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3727. PMC 3070321. PMID 22700069. Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder, refers to the association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia due to abnormal migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons.

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hyposmia