同: Wydase

WordNet

an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids (同)spreading factor, Hyazyme

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/19 18:17:52」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Hyaluronidase

Identifiers

Symbol

Hyaluronidase_2

Pfam

PF07555

InterPro

IPR011496

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

The hyaluronidases (EC 3.2.1.35) are a family of enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid.

In humans, there are six associated genes, including HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, and PH-20/SPAM1.^[1]

Use as a drug

Hyaluronidase
Systematic (IUPAC) name
hyaluronidase
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
Pregnancy cat.	C
Legal status	?
Routes	subcutaneous
Identifiers
CAS number	488712-31-8^Y
ATC code	B06AA03
DrugBank	DB00070
UNII	8KOG53Z5EM^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201636^N
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₄₅₅H₃₇₇₅N₆₁₇O₇₀₄S₂₁
Mol. mass	53870.9 g/mol
N (what is this?) (verify)

By catalyzing the hydrolysis of hyaluronan, a constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronidase lowers the viscosity of hyaluronan, thereby increasing tissue permeability. It is, therefore, used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs to speed their dispersion and delivery. Common applications are ophthalmic surgery, in combination with local anesthetics. It also increases the absorption rate of parenteral fluids given by hypodermoclysis, and is an adjunct in subcutaneous urography for improving resorption of radiopaque agents. Hyaluronidase is also used for extravasation of hyperosmolar solutions.

Brand names of animal-derived hyaluronidase include Hydase^TM (developed and manufactured by PrimaPharm Inc., distributed by Akorn Inc.), which has been FDA-approved as a "thimerosal-free" animal-derived hyaluronidase, Vitrase (ISTA Pharmaceuticals), Amphadase (Amphastar Pharmaceuticals), and Wydase. Wydase, however, is no longer manufactured.

On December 2, 2005, the FDA approved a synthetic (recombinant or rDNA) "human" hyaluronidase, Hylenex (Halozyme Therapeutics).^[2]abcd

Role in cancer

The role of hyaluronidases in cancer is controversial. Limited data support a role of lysosomal hyaluronidases in metastasis, while other data support a role in tumor suppression. Other studies suggest no contribution or effects independent of enzyme activity. Non-specific inhibitors (apigenin, sulfated glycosaminoglycans) or crude enzyme extracts have been used to test most hypotheses, making data difficult to interpret. It has been hypothesized that, by helping degrade the ECM surrounding the tumor, hyaluronidases help cancer cells escape from primary tumor masses. However, studies show that removal of hyaluronan from tumors prevents tumor invasion. Hyaluronidases are also thought to play a role in the process of angiogenesis, although most hyaluronidase preparations are contaminated with large amounts of angiogeneic growth factors.^[3] As previously mentioned, there are six hyaluronidase genes in the human genome, three of which can express active hyaluronidases (HYAL1, HYAL2 and PH20).

Role in pathogenesis

Some bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes,^[4] and Clostridium perfringens,^[5] produce hyaluronidase as a means of using hyaluronan as a carbon source. It is often speculated that Streptococcus and Staphylococcus pathogens use hyaluronidase as a virulence factor to destroy the polysaccharide that holds animal cells together, making it easier for the pathogen to spread through the tissues of the host organism, but no valid experimental data are available to support this hypothesis.

Role in fertilization

In most mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, by digesting hyaluronan in the corona radiata, thus enabling conception. Gene-targeting studies show that hyaluronidases such as PH20 are not essential for fertilization, although exogenous hyaluronidases can disrupt the cumulus matrix.

The majority of mammalian ova are covered in a layer of granulosa cells intertwined in an ECM that contains a high concentration of hyaluronan. When a capacitated sperm reaches the ovum, it is able to penetrate this layer with the assistance of hyaluronidase enzymes present on the surface of the sperm. Once this occurs, the sperm is capable of binding with the zona pellucida, and the acrosome reaction can occur.^[6]

References

^ Csoka AB, Frost GI, Stern R (December 2001). "The six hyaluronidase-like genes in the human and mouse genomes". Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 20 (8): 499–508. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00172-X. PMID 11731267.
^ "Halozyme Therapeutics and Baxter Healthcare Corporation Announce FDA Approval of Hylenex". Retrieved 2008-11-07. ^{[dead link]}
^ <Int J Cancer. 2002 Feb 10;97(5):601-7>[1]
^ Starr CR, Engleberg NC (January 2006). "Role of hyaluronidase in subcutaneous spread and growth of group A streptococcus". Infection and immunity 74 (1): 40–8. doi:10.1128/IAI.74.1.40-48.2006. PMC 1346594. PMID 16368955.
^ Zukaite V, Biziulevicius GA (March 2000). "Acceleration of hyaluronidase production in the course of batch cultivation of Clostridium perfringens can be achieved with bacteriolytic enzymes". Letters in applied microbiology 30 (3): 203–6. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00693.x. PMID 10747251.
^ Alberts, Bruce (2008). Molecular biology of the cell. New York: Garland Science. p. 1298. ISBN 0-8153-4105-9.

External links

Hyaluronidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 化学療法の血管外漏出による傷害およびその他の非抗腫瘍薬による水疱 extravasation injury from chemotherapy and other non antineoplastic vesicants
2. 眼の待機手術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for elective eye surgery
3. 嵌頓包茎整復術 paraphimosis reduction
4. 注入可能軟部組織充填剤：臨床的使用の概要 injectable soft tissue fillers overview of clinical use
5. 注入可能軟部組織充填剤：非永久性充填剤 injectable soft tissue fillers temporary agents

English Journal

Engineering S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus towards concurrent production of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin biopolymers of biomedical interest.

Cimini D1, Iacono ID2, Carlino E2, Finamore R2, Restaino OF2, Diana P2, Bedini E3, Schiraldi C4.
AMB Express.AMB Express.2017 Dec;7(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0364-7. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
PMID 28293868

Cactus cladodes (Opuntia humifusa) extract minimizes the effects of UV irradiation on keratinocytes and hairless mice.

Park K1, Choi HS2, Hong YH3, Jung EY4, Suh HJ5.
Pharmaceutical biology.Pharm Biol.2017 Dec;55(1):1032-1040. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1286357.
PMID 28183235

Hydrolysis of Hyaluronic Acid in Lymphedematous Tissue Alleviates Fibrogenesis via TH1 Cell-Mediated Cytokine Expression.

Cho S1, Roh K1, Park J1, Park YS1, Lee M1, Cho S1, Kil EJ1, Cho MJ1, Oh JS1, Byun HS1, Cho SH1, Park K2, Kang H3, Koo J4, Yeom CH5, Lee S6.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2017 Dec;7(1):35. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00085-z. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
PMID 28232732

Japanese Journal

Efficacy of caudal epidural injection of lidocaine, xylazine and xylazine plus hyaluronidase in reducing discomfort produced by electroejaculation in bulls

PAGLIOSA Ronaldo C.,DEROSSI Rafael,COSTA Deiler S.,FARIA Fabio J.C.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… To test the hypothesis that epidural administration of lidocaine, xylazine or xylazine plus hyaluronidase provides reduced pain and stress during electroejaculation in bulls, eight 30-month-old Nellore bulls received saline solution (control), 2% lidocaine, 2% xylazine or 2% xylazine plus hyaluronidase injected into the first intercoccygeal (Co1–Co2) epidural space in randomized order. …
NAID 130005077867

シクロデキストリン包接によるナス下漬液由来ナスニン含有粉末の品質改善および機能性評価

伊藤和子,阿久津智美,渡邊恒夫 [他],吉澤史昭,宇田靖
日本食品科学工学会誌 62(4), 201-206, 2015
ナス下漬液からナスニン含有粉末を調製する研究を行ってきた．しかし，得られたナスニン含有粉末は，水への溶解性が低く，強い酢酸臭が残るものであった．この問題を解決するため，β-CDおよびγ-CDを用いた検討を行った．<BR>その結果，ナスニンとクロロゲン酸のモル数（合計値）との比率が1 : 1となるようγ-CDを添加して，10分間以上撹拌することが最適条件であることが示された．この条件で作 …
NAID 130005071869

Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of chordoma in ferrets

YUI Takeshi,OHMACHI Tetsuo,MATSUDA Kazuya,OKAMOTO Minoru,TANIYAMA Hiroyuki
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(4), 467-473, 2015
… Histochemically, the cytoplasm of small neoplastic cells was positive for periodic acid-Schiff stain and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0 stains, but negative for hyaluronidase digestion-AB pH 2.5 stain. …
NAID 130005067016

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヒアルロニダーゼ」「hyaluronoglucosaminidase」
拡張検索	「antihyaluronidase titer test」

「ヒアルロニダーゼ」

Hyaluronidase protein (HylP)
Identifiers
Symbol	Hyaluronidase_1
Pfam	PF07212
InterPro	IPR009860
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins

hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Identifiers
EC number	3.2.1.35
CAS number	37326-33-3
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins