homeotherm

恒温動物

関

homothermal animal

　

WordNet

1. an animal that has a body temperature that is relatively constant and independent of the environmental temperature (同)homoiotherm, homotherm

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/23 11:46:17」(JST)

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Thermoregulation in animals
Ectotherm • Endotherm • Poikilotherm • Homeothermy • Heterothermy • Stenotherm • Eurytherm • Thermolabile • Thermostability • Gigantothermy • Kleptothermy • Bradymetabolism • Tachymetabolism • Thermogenesis

The group that includes mammals and birds, both "warm-blooded" homeothermic animals (in red) is polyphyletic.

Homeothermy is thermoregulation that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence. This internal body temperature is often, though not necessarily, higher than the immediate environment (Greek: homoios = "similar", thermē = "heat"). Homeothermy is one of the three types of warm-blooded animal species. Homeothermy's opposite is poikilothermy.

Homeotherms are not necessarily endothermic. Some homeotherms may maintain constant body temperatures through behavioral mechanisms alone i.e. behavioral thermoregulation. Many reptiles use this strategy. For example, desert lizards are remarkable in that they maintain near-constant activity temperatures that are often within a degree or two of their lethal critical temperatures.

Advantages

Enzymes have a relatively narrow temperature range at which their efficiencies are optimal. Temperatures outside this range can greatly reduce the rate of a reaction or stop it altogether. A creature with a fairly constant body temperature can therefore specialize in enzymes which are efficient at that particular temperature. Another advantage of a homeothermic animal is its ability to maintain its constant body temperature even in cold weather. A poikilotherm must either operate well below optimum efficiency most of the time, migrate, hibernate or expend extra resources producing a wider range of enzymes to cover the wider range of body temperatures.

However, some environments offer much more consistent temperatures than others. For example, the tropics often have seasonal variations in temperature that are smaller than their diurnal variations. In addition, large bodies of water, such as the ocean and very large lakes, have moderate temperature variations. The waters below the ocean surface are particularly stable in temperature.

Disadvantages

Because many homeothermic animals use enzymes which are specialized for a narrow range of body temperatures, hypothermia rapidly leads to torpor and then death. Additionally, homeothermy obtained from endothermy is a high energy strategy and many environments will offer lower carrying capacity to these organisms. In cold weather the energy expenditure to maintain body temperature accelerates starvation and may lead to death.

See also

Warm- blooded

English Journal

• Rapid Heating of Alaska Pollock and Chicken Breast Myofibrillar Proteins as Affecting Gel Rheological Properties.

• Liu W, Stevenson CD, Lanier TC.SourceDept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7624, Raleigh, NC, 27695, U.S.A.
• Journal of food science.J Food Sci.2013 May 6. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12147. [Epub ahead of print]
• Surimi seafoods (fish/poikilotherm protein) in the U.S.A. are typically cooked rapidly to 90+°C, while comminuted products made from land animals (meat/homeotherm protein) are purposely cooked much more slowly, and to lower endpoint temperatures (near 70 °C). We studied heating rate (0.5, 25, or 9
• PMID 23646872

• Rapid Heating of Alaska Pollock and Chicken Breast Myofibrillar Protein Gels as Affecting Water-Holding Properties.

• Stevenson CD, Liu W, Lanier TC.SourceDepartment of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Box 7624, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
• Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.J Agric Food Chem.2012 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]
• The gelation response of salted muscle minces to rapid versus slow heating rates is thought to differ between homeotherm and poikilotherm species. This study investigated water-holding (WH) properties of pastes prepared from refined myofibrils, at equal pH, of chicken breast versus Alaska pollock bo
• PMID 22973804

• Temperature cycles trigger nocturnalism in the diurnal homeotherm Octodon degus.

• Vivanco P, Rol MA, Madrid JA.SourceChronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
• Chronobiology international.Chronobiol Int.2010 May;27(3):517-34. doi: 10.3109/07420521003743660.
• Body temperature regulation within a physiological range is a critical factor for guaranteeing the survival of living organisms. The avoidance of high ambient temperatures is a behavioral mechanism used by homeothermic animals living in extreme environmental conditions. As the circadian system is in
• PMID 20524798

Japanese Journal

• 教材における「ルールの明示化」が学習者に与える影響

• 人間生活学研究 (5), 83-94, 2014
• NAID 40020056248

• 両生類のガレクチン：糖特異性，分子構造と進化

• Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 9(45), 131-144, 1997
• NAID 130003699281

• Correspondence of Three Thermal Adaptation Times in Organisms and the Scaling Law

• Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28(11), L2040-L2043, 1989-11-20
• NAID 110003926686

Related Links

• Homeotherm - definition of homeotherm by The Free Dictionary

Define homeotherm. homeotherm synonyms, homeotherm pronunciation, homeotherm translation, English dictionary definition of homeotherm. also ho·moi·o·therm n. An organism, such as a mammal or bird, having a body ? ...

• homeothermの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

homeothermとは。意味や和訳。[名詞] =homoiotherm. - 80万項目以上収録、例文・コロケーションが豊富な無料英和和英辞典。 ... で始まる で一致する で終わる を説明文に含む を見出しに含む

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恒温動物

関

homeotherm