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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/29 06:21:51」(JST)

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In biology, biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.

Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that

Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing something special. Each animal or plant species is special. It differs in some way from all other species. …
…biological specificity is the major problem about understanding life.^[1]

Subtopics

Characteristics may further be described as being interspecific, intraspecific, and conspecific.

Interspecific

Interspecificity (literally between/among species), or being interspecific, describes issues between individuals of separate species. These may include:

Interspecies communication, communication between different species of animals, plants, fungi or bacteria
Interspecific competition, when individuals of different species compete for the same resource in an ecosystem
Interspecific feeding, when adults of one species feed the young of another species
Interspecific hybridization
Interspecific interaction, the effects organisms in a community have on one another
Interspecific pregnancy, pregnancy involving an embryo or fetus belonging to another species than the carrier

Intraspecific

Intraspecificity (literally within species), or being intraspecific, describes behaviors, biochemical variations and other issues within individuals of a single species. These may include:

Intraspecific antagonism, when individuals of the same species are hostile to one another
Intraspecific competition, when individuals or groups of individuals from the same species compete for the same resource in an ecosystem
Intraspecific hybridization
Intraspecific mimicry

Conspecific

Two or more individual organisms, populations, or taxa are conspecific if they belong to the same species.^[2] Where different species can interbreed and their gametes compete, the conspecific gametes take precedence over heterospecific gametes. This is known as conspecific sperm precedence, or conspecific pollen precedence in plants.

Heterospecific

The antonym of conspecificity is the term heterospecificity: two individuals are heterospecific if they are considered to belong to different biological species.^[3]

Related concepts

Congeners are organisms within the same genus.^[4]

References

^ Linus Pauling, Barbara Marinacci, Linus Pauling in His Own Words: Selections From His Writings, Speeches and Interviews, (1995), p. 96.
^ "Conspecificity". Biology online. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
^ "Heterospecificity". Biology online. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
^ Congener, Merriam-Webster.com. Accessed 2009-03-25

External links

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English Journal

Early social experience alters transcriptomic responses to species-specific song stimuli in female songbirds.

Louder MIM1, Hauber ME2, Balakrishnan CN3.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2018 Jul 16;347:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.034. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
PMID 29501507

Ultrasonic vocalization in juvenile and adult male rats: A comparison among stocks.

Schwarting RKW1.
Physiology & behavior.Physiol Behav.2018 Jul 1;191:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.023. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
PMID 29574044

Large trees are surrounded by more heterospecific neighboring trees in Korean pine broad-leaved natural forests.

Wang H1, Peng H1,2, Hui G3, Hu Y1, Zhao Z1.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2018 Jun 14;8(1):9149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27140-7.
PMID 29904133

Japanese Journal

Oviposition preference of cabbage white butterflies in the framework of costs and benefits of interspecific herbivore associations

Royal Society Open Science 2, 2015-12-01
NAID 120005829432

Can the predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii and Amblyseius eharai reproduce by feeding solely upon conspecific or heterospecific eggs (Acari: Phytoseiidae)?