出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/06/22 20:17:15」(JST)
Colitis | |
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Classification and external resources | |
A micrograph demonstrating cryptitis, a microscopic correlate of colitis. H&E stain.
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ICD-10 | K50 - K52 |
ICD-9 | 556.9 |
OMIM | 191390 |
DiseasesDB | 31340 |
MedlinePlus | 001125 |
MeSH | C06.405.205.265 |
In medicine, colitis (pl. colitides) refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, caecum and rectum).
Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, i.e. persistent, and broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.
In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:
The signs and symptoms of colitides are quite variable and dependent on the etiology (or cause) of the given colitis and factors that modify its course and severity.
Symptoms of colitis may include: abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, bloody diarrhea, mucus in the stool,[1] cramping, urgency and bloating.
Signs may include: abdominal tenderness, weight loss, changes in bowel habits (increased frequency), fever, bleeding (overt or occult)/bloody stools, diarrhea, and distension.
Signs seen on colonoscopy include: colonic mucosal erythema (redness of the inner surface of the colon), ulcers, bleeding.
Symptoms suggestive of colitis are worked-up by obtaining the medical history, a physical examination and laboratory tests (CBC, electrolytes, stool culture and sensitivity, stool ova and parasites et cetera). Additional tests may include medical imaging (e.g. abdominal computed tomography, abdominal X-rays) and an examination with a camera inserted into the rectum (sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy).
There are many types of colitis. They are usually classified by the etiology.
Types of colitis include:
**Crohn's disease - a type of IBD often leads to a colitis.
A well-known subtype of infectious colitis is Clostridium difficile colitis,[2] which is informally abbreviated as "c diff colitis". It classically forms pseudomembranes and is often referred to as pseudomembranous colitis, which is its (non-specific) histomorphologic description.
Enterohemorrhagic colitis may be caused by Shiga toxin in Shigella dysenteriae or Shigatoxigenic group of Escherichia coli (STEC), which includes serotype O157:H7 and other enterohemorrhagic E. coli.[3]
Parasitic infections, like those caused by Entamoeba histolytica, can also cause colitis.
Indeterminate colitis is the classification for colitis that has features of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.[4] Indeterminate colitis' behaviour is usually closer to ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease.[5]
Atypical colitis is a phrase that is occasionally used by physicians for a colitis that does not conform to criteria for accepted types of colitis. It is not an accepted diagnosis per se and, as such, a colitis that cannot be definitively classified.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colitis. |
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リンク元 | 「proctosigmoiditis」「出血性直腸結腸炎」「rectocolitis」 |
関連記事 | 「hemorrhagic」 |
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