WordNet
- a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/02/17 12:40:56」(JST)
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Hausmannite |
|
General |
Category |
Oxide minerals |
Formula
(repeating unit) |
Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
Strunz classification |
04.BB.10 |
Identification |
Formula mass |
228.81 |
Color |
Brownish black, Grayish. |
Crystal habit |
Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock. Pseudo Octahedral - Crystals show an octahedral outline. |
Crystal system |
Tetragonal (4/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: I 41/amd |
Cleavage |
[001] Perfect |
Fracture |
Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern. |
Mohs scale hardness |
5.5 |
Luster |
Submetallic |
Streak |
dark reddish brown |
Specific gravity |
4.7 - 4.84, Average = 4.76 |
Optical properties |
Uniaxial (-), e=2.15, w=2.46 |
Other characteristics |
non-radioactive, non-magnetic, Non-fluorescent. |
Hausmannite is a complex oxide of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. The formula can be represented as Mn2+Mn3+2O4. It belongs to the spinel group and forms tetragonal crystals. Hausmannite is a brown to black metallic mineral with Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.8. The type locality is Oehrenstock (Öhrenstock), Ilmenau, Thuringian Forest, Thuringia, Germany. Locations include Batesville, Arkansas, USA; Ilfeld, Germany; Langban, Sweden; and the Ural Mountains, Russia. The best samples have been found in South Africa and Namibia where it is associated with other manganese oxides, pyrolusite and psilomelane and the iron-manganese mineral bixbyite. Wilhelm Haidinger (1827) named it in honour of Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann (1782–1859), professor of mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany.
External links[edit]
- Mineral galleries
- Mindat
- Webmineral
Crystal structure of hausmannite
Hausmannite from Wessels Mine, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Size: 5.8 x 4.3 x 3.5 cm.
Manganese minerals
|
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Borates |
|
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Carbonates |
- Ankerite
- Kutnohorite
- Rhodochrosite
- Manganoan Calcite
|
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Oxides |
Simple
|
- Hausmannite
- Manganite
- Manganosite
- Nsutite
- Pyrolusite
|
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Mixed
|
- Birnessite
- Bixbyite
- Ferrocolumbite
- Ferrotantalite
- Galaxite
- Jacobsite
- Manganotantalite
- Psilomelane
- Romanèchite
- Tantalite
- Todorokite
- Umber
|
|
|
Phosphates |
- Childrenite
- Graftonite
- Lithiophilite
- Natrophilite
- Purpurite
- Triplite
- Triploidite
- Zanazziite
|
|
Silicates |
- Babingtonite
- Bixbite
- Braunite
- Brownleeite
- Calderite
- Chloritoid
- Eudialyte
- Glaucochroite
- Jeffersonite
- Knebelite
- Ottrelite
- Piemontite
- Pyroxferroite
- Rhodonite
- Spessartine
- Sugilite
- Tephroite
- Zakharovite
- Zircophyllite
|
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Sulfides |
- Alabandite
- Hauerite
- Rambergite
|
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Other |
- Axinite (borosilicate)
- Geigerite (arsenate)
- Manganese nodule (various)
- Samsonite (Sulfosalt)
- Zincobotryogen (sulfate)
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English Journal
- Thermoelectric Properties of Nano-Meso-Micro β-MnO2 Powders as a Function of Electrical Resistance.
- Hedden M1, Francis N, Haraldsen JT, Ahmed T, Constantin C.
- Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2015 Dec;10(1):1000. doi: 10.1186/s11671-015-1000-6. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
- Particle sizes of manganese oxide (β-MnO2) powders were modified by using a mortar and pestle ground method for period of times that varied between 15-60 min. Particle size versus ground time clearly shows the existence of a size-induced regime transition (i.e., regime I and II). Thermoelectric pr
- PMID 26168867
- Graphitic biochar as a cathode electrocatalyst support for microbial fuel cells.
- Huggins TM1, Pietron JJ2, Wang H3, Ren ZJ3, Biffinger JC4.
- Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Nov;195:147-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.012. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
- Graphitic biochar (BC) was generated using high temperature gasification and alkaline post-treatment (BCw) of wood-based biomass. The BCw was evaluated as a manganese oxide electrocatalytic support (MnO/BCw) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) air cathode. Nano-structured MnO2 crystals were successfully i
- PMID 26141670
- Formation and properties of nanostructured colloidal manganese oxide particles obtained through the thermally controlled transformation of manganese carbonate precursor phase.
- Škapin SD1, Čadež V2, Suvorov D1, Sondi I3.
- Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2015 Nov 1;457:35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.06.041. Epub 2015 Jun 29.
- Structurally and morphologically different colloidal manganese oxide solids, including manganosite (MnO), bixbyite (Mn2O3) and hausmannite (Mn(2+)[Mn(3+)]2O4), were obtained through the initial biomimetically induced precipitation of a uniform, nanostructured and micron-sized rhodochrosite (MnCO3) p
- PMID 26151565
Japanese Journal
- 27pAF-7 強い重力場による新物質ハウスマンナイト型Fe_3O_4の合成(27pAF 酸化物磁性・f電子系磁性,領域3(磁性))
- 微生物が作るマンガン酸化物の加熱処理による結晶構造と微細構造の変化
- マンガン酸化鉱物の表面でのマンガン(II)イオンの酸化反応速度―pH=8付近の水溶液中で
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