WordNet
- a large building for meetings or entertainment
- a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research; "halls of learning"
- a large room for gatherings or entertainment; "lecture hall"; "pool hall"
- designating an airship or dirigible having a form maintained by a stiff unyielding frame or structure
- incapable of or resistant to bending; "a rigid strip of metal"; "a table made of rigid plastic"; "a palace guardsman stiff as a poker"; "stiff hair"; "a stiff neck" (同)stiff
- incapable of compromise or flexibility (同)strict
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『会館』,公会堂,集会場;本部,事務所 / (大きな建物の一部となっている)『大広間』,ホール / (また《おもに米》『hallway』)『玄関の広間』(玄関のドアを入った所とそこから各部屋の前まで通じる廊下) / 《米》(学校・ビルなどの)『廊下』,通路 / 学校内の特別の用途のための建物(校舎,寄宿舎,集会所,大食堂など) / 《おもに英》地方の大地主の邸宅
- (簡単には曲がらないほど)『堅い』(stiff) / (考えなど)『変わらない』;(…が)変わらない《+『in』+『名』》 / 『厳しい』,厳格な
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/08/21 08:47:26」(JST)
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Hallux rigidus |
Classification and external resources |
Hallux not labeled but visible at upper left.
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ICD-10 |
M20.2 |
ICD-9 |
735.2 |
DiseasesDB |
33134 |
eMedicine |
orthoped/125 |
MeSH |
D020859 |
Degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the MTP joint at the base of the hallux (big toe) is called hallux rigidus or stiff big toe.
Symptoms
- Pain and stiffness in the joint at the base of the big toe during use (walking, standing, bending, etc.)
- Difficulty with certain activities (running, squatting)
- Swelling and inflammation around the joint
Although the condition is degenerative, it can occur in patients who are relatively young particularly active sports people who have at some time suffered trauma to the joint (turf toe). A notable example is NBA star Shaquille O'Neal who returned to basketball after surgery.
Treatment
Non-surgical treatment Early treatment for mild cases of hallux rigidus may include prescription foot orthotics, shoe modifications (to take the pressure off the toe and/or facilitate walking), medications (anti-inflammatory drugs), injection therapy (corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain) and/or physical therapy.
Surgical treatment In some cases, surgery is the only way to eliminate or reduce pain. There are several types of surgery for treatment of hallux rigidus. The type of surgery is based on the stage of hallux rigidus. Stage 1 hallux rigidus involves some loss of range of motion of the big toe joint or first MTP joint and is often treated conservatively with prescription foot orthotics. Stage 2 hallux rigidus involves greater loss of range of motion and cartilage and may be treated via cheilectomy in which the metatarsal head is reshaped and bone spurs reduced. Stage 3 hallux rigidus often involves significant cartilage loss and may be treated by an osteotomy in which cartilage on the first metatarsal head is repositioned, possibly coupled with a hemi-implant in which the base of the proximal phalanx (base of the big toe) is resurfaced. Stage 4 hallux rigidus, also known as end stage hallux rigidus involves severe loss of range of motion of the big toe joint and cartilage loss. Stage 4 hallux rigidus may be treated via fusion of the joint (arthrodesis) or implant arthroplasty in which both sides of the joint are resurfaced or a hinged implant is used. Fusion of the joint is often viewed as more definitive but may lead to significant alteration of gait causing postural symptomatology. The implants termed "two part unconstrained" implants in which a "ball" type device is placed on the first metatarsal head and "socket" portion on the base of the big toe do not have a good long term track record. The hinged implants have been in existence since the 1970s, have been continually improved and have the best record of improving long term function.
External links
- Hallux_rigidus_and_cheilectomy at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
- -66715641 at GPnotebook
- Overview at aaos.org
- Hallux Rigidus and Hallux Limitus - Classification and Treatment
- Diagram
Musculoskeletal disorders: Acquired musculoskeletal deformities (M20–M25, M95, 734–738)
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Upper limb |
- shoulder (Winged scapula, Adhesive capsulitis, Rotator cuff tear, Subacromial bursitis)
- elbow (Cubitus valgus, Cubitus varus)
- hand deformity (Wrist drop, Boutonniere deformity, Swan neck deformity)
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Lower limb |
- hip (Protrusio acetabuli, Coxa valga, Coxa vara)
- patella (Luxating patella, Chondromalacia patellae, Patella baja, Patella alta)
- foot deformity (Bunion/hallux valgus, Hallux varus, Hallux rigidus, Hammer toe, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot)
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Head |
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General terms |
- Valgus deformity/Varus deformity
- Joint stiffness
- Ligamentous laxity
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noco (arth/defr/back/soft)/cong, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A Prospective Comparison of Clinical, Radiographic, and Intraoperative Features of Hallux Rigidus: Long-Term Follow-Up and Analysis.
- Elliott AD1, Borgert AJ2, Roukis TS3.
- The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2016 May-Jun;55(3):547-61. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.01.040. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
- Forty-seven patients (50 feet) underwent surgical intervention for symptomatic hallux rigidus from February 1998 to April 1999. Thirty-eight patients (41 feet) returned at 1 year for a follow-up evaluation. Of these 38 patients, 20 (21 feet) returned for the 15-year follow-up evaluation. Subjective
- PMID 26948243
- Techniques in Hemiarthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint.
- Vogler H1, Rigby RB2.
- The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2016 May-Jun;55(3):650-4. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.01.017. Epub 2016 Feb 27.
- Surgical intervention for hallux rigidus could be necessitated when conservative attempts fail to alleviate pain and dysfunction. Controversy exists as to which procedure is ideal and will provide lasting relief of hallux rigidus pain. Many arguments have been made for and against hemi-implant arthr
- PMID 26935765
- Immediate Weightbearing of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Fusion Comparing Buried Crossed Kirschner Wires Versus Crossing Screws: Does Incorporating the Sesamoids Into the Fusion Contribute to Higher Incidence of Bony Union?
- Storts EC1, Camasta CA2.
- The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2016 May-Jun;55(3):562-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.12.006. Epub 2016 Feb 20.
- First metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis remains a commonly used and reliable procedure for a variety of pathologies of the first MTPJ. Many costly fixation constructions have been described to achieve union with first MTPJ arthrodesis. We hypothesized that the incidence of union would be
- PMID 26905254
Japanese Journal
- 症例 強剛母趾に対する経皮的関節縁切除術に鏡視下処置を加えた1例
- 強剛母趾の診断と治療 (特集 足の外科治療最前線--小児から成人まで)
Related Links
- Hallux rigidus is a disorder of the joint located at the base of the big toe. It causes pain and stiffness in the joint, and with time it gets increasingly harder to bend the toe.
- Frequency Hallux rigidus is the second most common disorder of the first MTP joint (with the most common being hallux valgus). Coughlin and Shurnas reported findings in 110 patients who had undergone surgery for ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- (n
- 同
- hallux rigidus
[★]
- 関
- rigidly