guttural

WordNet

relating to or articulated in the throat; "the glottal stop and uvular `r and `ch in German `Bach are guttural sounds"
a consonant articulated in the back of the mouth or throat (同)guttural consonant, pharyngeal, pharyngeal consonant
in a guttural manner; "gutturally articulated"

PrepTutorEJDIC

のどの / (音声が)のどから出る / 喉音,軟口蓋(がい)音([k][g][ou][u:]などのどの奥で発せられる音)喉音字

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/10 00:32:31」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Guttural speech sounds are those with a primary place of articulation near the back of the oral cavity. In some definitions, this is restricted to pharyngeal consonants, but in others includes some velar and uvular consonants. Guttural sounds are typically consonants, but some vowels articulations may also be considered guttural in nature. Although the term has historically been used by phoneticians, and is occasionally used by phonologists today, it is now much more common in popular use (as an imprecise term for sounds produced relatively far back in the vocal tract), and is almost never used as a technical term in linguistics.^[1]

Usage of the term

The word guttural literally means 'of the throat', and is derived from the Latin word for throat. In colloquial usage, the term is used for any sound pronounced in the throat or near the back of the mouth that is considered "harsh." Contrary to popular opinion, the word has no connection to the word gutter. The OED says,

"By non-phoneticians any mode of pronunciation which is harsh or grating in effect is often supposed to be 'guttural'; with this notion the designation is popularly applied by Englishmen to the German ch, but not to k or g, though technically it belongs equally to them. [That is, they are all pronounced at the same location in the mouth.] As a technical term of phonetics, the word was first used to denote the Hebrew spirant consonants ע ,ח ,ה ,א [that is, glottal /ʔ/ and /h/, uvular /χ/, and pharyngeal /ʕ/]; it is now commonly applied (inaccurately, if its etymological sense be regarded) to the sounds formed by the back of the tongue and the palate, as (k, ɡ, x, ɣ, ŋ) [the velars]."

The term continues to be used by some phonologists to denote a category of sounds articulated in the throat, including pharyngeal, epiglottal, and glottal consonants (see radical consonant), and murmured, pharyngealized, and glottalized vowels (see strident vowel).^[2]^[3] The Tuu and Juu (Khoisan) languages of southern Africa have large numbers of guttural vowels. These sounds share certain phonological behaviors that warrant the use of a term specifically for them.

Popular conceptions of guttural consonants

English speakers are not commonly exposed to guttural vowels, so popular impressions focus on guttural consonants. Gutturals are seen as those sounds pronounced in the back of the vocal tract that do not occur in English, and which are perceived as harsh. Therefore velar stops such as [ɡ], [k], and [ŋ] are not considered guttural, but velar fricatives and affricates such as [x], [ɣ], and [kx] are; the glottal consonants [h] and [ʔ] are not considered guttural, but epiglottal [ʜ] and [ʡ] are.

So-called guttural languages

In the popular consciousness, some languages are considered to be guttural languages, as opposed to just possessing some sounds which are pronounced at the back of the oral cavity. Often, this is just a result of the beliefs of Anglophones or of non-speakers of those languages. Some languages which have fallen under the popular meaning of "guttural", as opposed to the technical meaning, are Ubykh and Arabic.^{[citation needed]}

French, Arabic, Welsh, Armenian, Danish, Hebrew, Scots, and also partly Afrikaans, Dutch, German, Portuguese, Somali, Spanish, and Yiddish all contain sounds that come from the back of the throat, as do some Northern English dialects. Sometimes whether a language is considered guttural or not could depend on differences within regions and countries. In French, the only truly guttural sound is (usually) a uvular fricative; Arabic and Hebrew both contain rather more gutturals, including velar, uvular and pharyngeal fricatives.

References

^ Ball, Martin J. (19 September 2011). "What on earth does 'Guttural' mean, anyway?". clinicallinguistics. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
^ Miller, Amanda (2007). "Guttural vowels and guttural co-articulation in Juǀʼhoansi". Journal of Phonetics 35 (1): 56–84. doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2005.11.001.
^ Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226685357.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児期の良性焦点性てんかん benign focal epilepsies of childhood
2. 心因性非てんかん性痙攣発作 psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

English Journal

Strangles: Taking steps towards eradication.

Waller AS.SourceCentre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: andrew.waller@aht.org.uk.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2013 Apr 12. pii: S0378-1135(13)00213-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.033. [Epub ahead of print]
Strangles, caused by the host adapted Lancefield group C bacterium Streptococcus equi sub-species equi (S. equi), is one of the oldest recognised infectious diseases of horses and continues to cause significant welfare and economic cost throughout the world. The ability of S. equi to establish sub-c
PMID 23642414

Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) of the normal equine head.

Manso-Díaz G, García-Real MI, Casteleyn C, San-Román F, Taeymans O.SourceDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. gmanso@vet.ucm.es
Equine veterinary journal.Equine Vet J.2013 Mar;45(2):187-92. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00621.x. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is widely used in human and small animal medicine. However, this technique has not yet been described in the horse, and compared to other angiographic techniques MRA could be more cost efficient and potentially safer.OBJE
PMID 22943362

Guttural pouch mycosis in horses: a retrospective study of 28 cases.

Dobesova O, Schwarz B, Velde K, Jahn P, Zert Z, Bezdekova B.SourceEquine Clinic, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. oli.dobesova@seznam.cz
The Veterinary record.Vet Rec.2012 Dec 1;171(22):561. doi: 10.1136/vr.100700. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
The medical records of 28 horses with guttural pouch mycosis were reviewed. The most commonly observed clinical signs were nasal discharge, epistaxis, dysphagia and/or cough. All 28 horses had the disease unilaterally, however, in five of them, it had spread into the contralateral pouch via the mesi
PMID 23118043

Bilateral parotid duct transposition for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a Connemara stallion.

Montgomery K, Ortved K, Devries J, Hackett R, Kern T, Irby N, Ducharme N.SourceDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
Veterinary ophthalmology.Vet Ophthalmol.2012 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01068.x. [Epub ahead of print]
A 7-year-old Connemara stallion was presented with a 4 month history of blepharospasm, recurrent corneal ulcerations, mucopurulent ocular discharge, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in both eyes unresponsive to medical therapy. Ophthalmic examination revealed lackluster corneas, axial corneal sc
PMID 23067239

Japanese Journal

喉音三行辨と字音仮名遣論 : 契沖から大観へ

人文学部研究論集 = Journal of the College of Humanities (35), 65-87, 2016-01
NAID 120005717158

蘭学者の音声分析と五十音図

日本語の研究 11(3), 1-15, 2015-07-01
NAID 110010022683

External Carotid Artery Embolization with a Microcoil for Guttural Pouch Mycosis in a Racehorse

Journal of equine science 24(1), 10, 2013-03-01
NAID 10031167540

A Case of Guttural Pouch Empyema Developed and Recurred by Infections of Two Drug-resistant Bacterial Species

Journal of equine science 23(1), 10, 2012-03-01
NAID 10030613763

Related Pictures

: Guttural Pouch Mycosis in a horse Guttural Secrete — Recreating The Stumps guttural-pouch Guttural+Pouch+Anatomy Pin Horse Anatomy Guttural Pouch Catheter Kit Equine Veterinary - Guttural Pouch Disease Guttural Pouch/Graphic Western Horse