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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/05 23:51:25」(JST)

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Guanosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid and abbreviated GMP, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleoside monophosphate. Guanosine monophosphate is produced from dried fish or dried seaweed.^{[citation needed]}

Guanosine monophosphate in the form of its salts, such as disodium guanylate (E627), dipotassium guanylate (E628) and calcium guanylate (E629), are food additives used as flavor enhancers to provide the umami taste. It is often used in synergy with disodium inosinate; the combination is known as disodium 5'-ribonucleotides. Disodium guanylate is often found in instant noodles, potato chips and snacks, savoury rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, and packet soup.

As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is usually not used independently of glutamic acid or monosodium glutamate (MSG), which also contribute umami. If inosinate and guanylate salts are present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, the glutamic acid is likely provided as part of another ingredient, such as a processed soy protein complex (hydrolyzed soy protein), autolyzed yeast or soy sauce.

As inhibitor of guanosine monophosphate synthesis in experimental models, the glutamine analogue DON can be used.^[1]

As an acyl substituent, it takes the form of the prefix guanylyl-.

References

^ Ahluwalia GS et al. Metabolism and action of amino acid analog anti-cancer agents ”, in Pharmac. Ther. (1990) 46: 243-271

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English Journal

Identification and characterization of starvation induced msdgc-1 promoter involved in the c-di-GMP turnover.

Bharati BK, Swetha RK, Chatterji D.SourceMolecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Gene.Gene.2013 Oct 10;528(2):99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.043. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
C-di-GMP [Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate], a second messenger is involved in intracellular communication in the bacterial species. As a result several multi-cellular behaviors in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are directly linked to the intracellular level of c-di-
PMID 23932989

Transport Limitations of Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation under Flow.

Sylman JL, Lantvit SM, Vedepo MC, Reynolds MM, Neeves KB.SourceDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1600 Illinois Street, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
Annals of biomedical engineering.Ann Biomed Eng.2013 Oct;41(10):2193-205. doi: 10.1007/s10439-013-0803-9. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits platelet aggregation at and near the site of a vascular injury by upregulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which reduces the dimerization of the integrin α IIb β 3. The magnitude of NO flux from the vessel wall and the NO concentration that is necessary to inhibit
PMID 23563992

Rit subfamily small GTPases: Regulators in neuronal differentiation and survival.

Shi GX, Cai W, Andres DA.SourceDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, BBSRB, 741S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2013 Oct;25(10):2060-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.002. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
Ras family small GTPases serve as binary molecular switches to regulate a broad array of cellular signaling cascades, playing essential roles in a vast range of normal physiological processes, with dysregulation of numerous Ras-superfamily G-protein-dependent regulatory cascades underlying the devel
PMID 23770287

Japanese Journal

Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate regulates the efficiency of intercellular transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I

Nakamura Tatsufumi,Satoh Katsuya,Nakamura Hideki,Yamasaki Hironori
Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology 5(2), 209-215, 2014-06
… The intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in enzyme-linked immunoassays. …
NAID 120005476999

Morphological and physiological characteristics of dermal photoreceptors in Lymnaea stagnalis

Takigami Satoshi,Sunada Hiroshi,Horikoshi Tetsuro,Sakakibara Manabu
BIOPHYSICS 10(0), 77-88, 2014
… Previous observations, based on behavioral pharmacology, revealed that cyclic guanosine monophosphate acts as a second messenger in the dermal photoreceptor. …
NAID 130004704972

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 protects against anaphylactic shock through suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mice

Cui Hong,Okamoto Yasuo,Yoshioka Kazuaki,Du Wa,Takuwa Noriko,Zhang Wei,Asano Masahide,Shibamoto Toshishige,Takuwa Yoh
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 132(5), 1205-1214, 2013-11
… Consistently, PAF-induced increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the aorta was enhanced in S1pr-null mice. …
NAID 120005349160

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「GMP」「guanylic acid」「グアノシン一リン酸」「5'-guanylic acid」
拡張検索	「cyclic guanosine monophosphate」「deoxyguanosine monophosphate」
関連記事	「monophosphate」

「GMP」

Guanosine monophosphate
	IUPAC name [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-Amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate[citation needed]
	Other names 5'-Guanidylic acid,; 5'-Guanylic acid,; E number E626
Identifiers
Abbreviations	GMP
CAS number	85-32-5
PubChem	6804
MeSH	Guanosine+monophosphate
ChEMBL	CHEMBL604603
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)NC(=NC2=O)N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C10H14N5O8P
Molar mass	363.22 g/mol
Acidity (pKa)	0.7, 2.4, 6.1, 9.4
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
	(verify) (what is: /?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

「guanylic acid」

　　[★]

グアニル酸

関: 5'-guanylic acid、GMP、guanosine monophosphate、guanylate

「グアノシン一リン酸」

　　[★]

英: guanosine monophosphate、GMP
関: グアニル酸、5'-グアニル酸

「5'-guanylic acid」

　　[★]

5'グアニル酸

関: GMP、guanosine monophosphate、guanylic acid

「cyclic guanosine monophosphate」

　　[★]

サイクリックGMP、環状グアノシン一リン酸

関: cyclic GMP、cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate

同: cGMP

「deoxyguanosine monophosphate」

　　[★]

デオキシグアノシン一リン酸、デオキシグアニル酸

関: dGMP

「monophosphate」

　　[★]

n.

一リン酸塩、一リン酸エステル、一リン酸

[Ahluwalia-1] Ahluwalia GS et al. Metabolism and action of amino acid analog anti-cancer agents ”, in Pharmac. Ther. (1990) 46: 243-271

匿名

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案内

案内

guanosine monophosphate