gram

グラム

関

g

　

WordNet

1. a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram (同)gramme, gm, g
2. a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity; used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated (同)gee, g-force
3. make a schematic or technical drawing of that shows interactions among variables or how something is constructed (同)plot
4. a drawing intended to explain how something works; a drawing showing the relation between the parts
5. creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something (同)programing, computer programming, computer programing
6. Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938) (同)Hans C. J. Gram

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 説明図,略図;図表,予定表,グラフ;図解 / …‘を'図解する,図示する,‘の'図表を作る

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/08 10:51:34」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the unit of mass. For other uses of "g" "gram" and "gramme", see Gram (disambiguation).

Gram
The mass of this pen cap is about 1 gram
Unit information
Unit system	SI derived unit
Unit of	Mass
Symbol	g
Unit conversions
1 g in ...	... is equal to ...
SI base units	10-3 kilograms
CGS units	1 gram
U.S. customary	0.0353 ounces

The gram (alternative British English spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Greek/Latin root grámma) is a metric system unit of mass.

Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre, and at the temperature of melting ice" (later 4 °C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10⁻³ kg, which itself is defined as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.

Symbol and abbreviations

The International System of Units (SI) unit symbol for the gram is "g" following the numeric value with a space, as in "640 g". While some authors use ad hoc abbreviations, this creates confusion. For example, the use of abbreviations such as "gm", "Gm", or "GM" for grams could potentially lead to serious errors in health-care settings where accidentally transposing "gm" to "mg" (milligrams) could result in a 1,000 times dosage error. It is therefore important to use "g" as specified in the SI standard to avoid confusion or misunderstanding.

A bigger mistake is using the abbreviation "gr" for grams. The symbol "gr" stands for grains.

History

It was the base unit of mass in the original French metric system and the later centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. The word originates from Late Latin gramma – a small weight.

Uses

The gram is today the most widely used unit of measurement for non-liquid ingredients in cooking and grocery shopping worldwide.

Most standards and legal requirements for nutrition labels on food products require relative contents to be stated per 100 g of the product, such that the resulting figure can also be read as a percentage.

Conversion factors

• 1 gram (g) = 15.4323583529 grains (gr)
• 1 grain (gr) = 0.06479891 grams (g)
• 1 avoirdupois ounce (oz) = 28.349523125 grams (g)
• 1 troy ounce (ozt) = 31.1034768 grams (g)
• 1 gram (g) = 5 carats (ct)
• 1 gram (g) = 8.98755179×10¹³ joules (J) (by mass–energy equivalence)

Comparisons

• 1 gram is roughly equal to 1 small paper clip or pen cap.
• The Japanese 1 yen coin has a mass of one gram. (lighter than the British penny (3.56 g), the United States cent (2.5 g) or the "Euro-cent" (2.30 g)).

See also

• Conversion of units
• Duella
• Gold gram
• Orders of magnitude (mass)

References

External links

• grams (weight) conversion to spoons (volume) as used in cooking
• Gram at Encyclopædia Britannica

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 細菌検査室におけるグラム染色および培養結果に対するアプローチ approach to gram stain and culture results in the microbiology laboratory
• 2. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎：疫学、臨床的特徴、および診断 gram negative bacillary meningitis epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis
• 3. 嫌気性細菌感染 anaerobic bacterial infections
• 4. Infectious folliculitis
• 5. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の治療 treatment of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults

English Journal

• Removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions by an ion-exchanger based on pullulan microspheres.

• Constantin M, Asmarandei I, Harabagiu V, Ghimici L, Ascenzi P, Fundueanu G.Source"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: marieta@icmpp.ro.
• Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2013 Jan 2;91(1):74-84. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.005. Epub 2012 Aug 10.
• Pullulan-graft-poly(3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride) (P-g-pAPTAC) microspheres were prepared by suspension cross-linking of the pullulan previously grafted with cationic moieties. Adsorption of Azocarmine B by the P-g-pAPTAC microspheres was used as a model to demonstrate the removal o
• PMID 23044107

• Immunotargeting of the pulmonary endothelium via angiotensin-converting-enzyme in isolated ventilated and perfused human lung.

• Nowak K, Kölbel HC, Metzger RP, Hanusch C, Frohnmeyer M, Hohenberger P, Danilov SM.SourceDepartment of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. kai.nowak@umm.de
• Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;756:203-12.
• Vascular immunotargeting of catalase via angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) attenuated lung ischemia reperfusion injury in the rat. As this might be a promising modality for extension of the viability of human lung grafts for transplantation we tested the hypothesis whether anti-ACE antibodies are
• PMID 22836637

Japanese Journal

• 非負値行列因子分解に基づき動的適応した<i>n</i>-gram言語モデルによるパープレキシティ削減効果の分析

• 藤田 悠哉,奥 貴裕,小林 彰夫,佐藤 庄衛
• 情報処理学会研究報告. SLP, 音声言語情報処理 2012-SLP-93(2), 1-8, 2012-10-19
• … = 2 として動的適応した 2-gram 言語モデルで算出したパープレキシティを,ユニグラム・スケーリングにより適応した 2-gram 言語モデルで算出した値と比較した.実験結果から,評価テキストの種類により効果に差があるが,一定の条件下ではユニグラム・スケーリングと同等以上の性能が得られることが分かった.また,オラクルとの比較により,提案法は基底数の増加と共に過適応に陥る場合があるが,適応 …
• NAID 110009464796

• Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological gram-negative rods caused by an increased acetic Acid concentration in the gut.

• Hayakawa Mineji,Asahara Takashi,Ishitani Toshiteru,Okamura Atsushi,Nomoto Koji,Gando Satoshi
• Digestive Diseases and Sciences 57(10), 2642-2649, 2012-10
• … The counts of pathological gram-negative rod decreased significantly to one-tenth of the initial level in inverse proportion to the Bifidobacterium counts. … CONCLUSION: Synbiotic therapy reduces the pathological Gram-negative rods by increasing the acetic acid concentration in association with an increased counts of Bifidobacterium. …
• NAID 120004756320

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「g」
拡張検索	「audiogram」「cystometrogram」「flower diagram」

「g」

　　[★] グラム

関

gram

　

「audiogram」

　　[★] 純音聴力図。オージオグラム 　

「cystometrogram」

　　[★]

• 膀胱内圧測定

関

cystometry

「flower diagram」

　　[★]

• 花式図

関

floral diagram