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slender and graceful (同)willowy

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/05 04:34:09」(JST)

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The gracile fasciculus (fasciculus gracilis or tract of Goll) is a bundle of axon fibers in the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway of the spinal cord and carries information from the middle thoracic and lower limbs of the body. The gracile fasiculus is one of many ascending tracts, which carry received sensory information to the brain via the spinal cord.

Function

The gracile fasciculus provides conscious proprioception of the lower limbs and trunk to the brainstem.

Additional functions of the gracile fasciculus include carrying deep touch, vibrational, and visceral pain information to the brainstem. The gracile fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus offer the same functions but can be differentiated by the vertebral level at which information is provided. The cuneate fasciculus carries information from vertebral level T6 and above, and the gracile fasciculus carries information from vertebral levels T7 and below. The two ascending tracts meet at the T6 level.

Ascending tracts typically have three levels of neurons that relay information from the physical point of reception to the actual point of interpretation in the brain. The fasciculus gracilis has first-order, second-order, and third-order nerve fibers described below:

First-order fibers: found on the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord; ends at the gracile nucleus in medulla oblongata of the brainstem.

Second-order fibers: found in the medulla; decussate in the medulla as internal arcuate fibers and, together with the second-order fibers of the cuneate fasiculus, create nerve fiber tracts called the medial lemniscus, which relays the information received from the first-order neurons to the thalamus.

Third-order fibers: fibers which relay the signal received from the medial lemniscus at the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.

Clinical significance

Damage to either of these tracts can result in the permanent loss of sensation in the limbs. See Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Additional Information

The gracile fasciculus is wedge-shaped on transverse section and lies next to the posterior median septum, its base being at the surface of the spinal cord, and its apex directed toward the posterior gray commissure. The gracile fasciculus increases in size from anterior to superior.

The tract of Goll, or the common name of the gracile fasciculus, was named after Swiss neuroanatomist Friedrich Goll (1829–1903).

Images

Decussation of pyramids.
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Superior terminations of the posterior fasciculi of the medulla spinalis.
The sensory tract. (problem with this picture. Upper limb synapses with nucleus gracilis..)
Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
Human caudal brainstem posterior view description
Fourth ventricle. Posterior view.Deep dissection.

References

Dougherty, Patrick. "(Section 2, Chapter 4, Part 2) Neuroscience Online: An Electronic Textbook for the Neurosciences | Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy – The University of Texas Medical School at Houston." Neuroscience Online: An Electronic Textbook for the Neurosciences | Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy – The University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. <http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/ii4-2.html>.

Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ミトコンドリアミオパシー：臨床的特徴および診断 mitochondrial myopathies clinical features and diagnosis
2. 感覚消失患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with sensory loss
3. 脳腱黄色腫症 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
4. フリードライヒ失調症 friedreich ataxia
5. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults

English Journal

Patterns of cortical reorganization in the adult marmoset after a cervical spinal cord injury.

Bowes C, Burish M, Cerkevich C, Kaas J.SourceDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2013 Oct;521(15):3451-63. doi: 10.1002/cne.23360.
In the present study, we used microelectrode recordings of multiunit responses to evaluate patterns of the reactivation of somatosensory cortex after sensory loss produced by spinal cord lesions in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). These New World monkeys have become a popular model in studi
PMID 23681952

Cervical MRI of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy.

Kimura E, Hirano T, Yamashita S, Hirai T, Uchida Y, Maeda Y, Uchino M.SourceDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. enkimura@kumamoto-u.ac.jp
Spinal cord.Spinal Cord.2011 Feb;49(2):182-5. doi: 10.1038/sc.2010.68. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
STUDY DESIGN: Case study.OBJECTIVES: Subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) is a severe neuro-degenerative disorder caused by poisoning due to over-dose and prolonged oral administration of clioquinol; this disorder was more frequent during 1957-1970. It is characterized by axonal degeneration and
PMID 20548321

Deficiency of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) leads to vulnerability to lipid peroxidation.

Nagamine S, Kabuta T, Furuta A, Yamamoto K, Takahashi A, Wada K.SourceDepartment of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
Neurochemistry international.Neurochem Int.2010 Sep;57(2):102-10. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.04.015. Epub 2010 May 4.
Lipid peroxidation has many deleterious effects on cells, and in the nervous system is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To suppress lipid peroxidation, cells have various defense systems such as glutathione and thioredoxin, and defects in these defense sys
PMID 20447430

Japanese Journal

<Originals>Mapping of the gracile axonal dystrophy (gad) gene (gad) using intraspecific backcrosses on mouse chromosome 5

YAMANISHI Toshiyuki
Acta medica Kinki University 21(4), 369-376, 1996-12
… The gracile axonal dystrophy (gad) mouse which shows hereditary sensory ataxia and motor paresis has been morphologically characterized by the dying back type neuroaxonal dystrophy of the gracile fasciculus in the spinal cord, the swelling of the degenerated axon, and the formation of the spherical spheroid. …
NAID 110000007428

実験的酸化エチレンニューロパチー : ラットへの250ppm慢性曝露実験

大西晃生,山本辰紀,井上尚英,田中勇武,古賀実
産業医科大学雑誌 7(4), 393-399, 1985-12-01
ウィスター系雄性ラットを250ppmの酸化エチレンに, 1日6時間, 週5回, 9カ月間曝露させ(実験群), 末梢神経障害が惹起されるが否がを検討した. 9カ月間の曝露後, 実験群ラットに明らかな歩行障害, 異常肢位は認められなかった. しかし, 近位部および遠位部腓腹神経, 腓骨神経および脊髄薄束の有髄線維の定性的および定量的な組織学的検索の結果, 実験群ラットでは, 個体により病変の程度とその …
NAID 110001260626

STUDIES ON THE DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS-(III)

ITOH Hirotoshi,KISHIDA Hidemi,TAKEUCHI Eiko,TADOKORO Mamoru,UCHIKOSHI Toshiyuki,OIKAWA Kiyoshi
Ｔｈｅ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｔｏｘｉｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ 10(2), 67-82, 1985-05-25
… In the histopathological examination, axonal and myelin degeneration was disclosed in the gracile nucleus and in the gracile fasciculus of the cords as well as in the sciatic nerves. …
NAID 110001804402

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「薄束」「GF」
関連記事	「fasciculus」「gracile」

「薄束」

Gracile fasciculus
	Gracile fasciculus is labeled in blue at upper right.
	Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord.
Details
Latin	Fasciculus gracilis medullae spinalis
Identifiers
Gray's	p.762
NeuroLex ID	nlx_144039
TA	A14.1.02.243; A14.1.04.018
FMA	73938
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy