グロブリン
WordNet
- a family of proteins found in blood and milk and muscle and in plant seed
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- グロブリン(動植物組織内の純蛋白(たんぱく)質の総称)
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/06/22 13:43:59」(JST)
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Not to be confused with globin or globular protein.
The globulins are a family of globular proteins that have higher molecular weights and water solubility values than the albumins. Some globulins are produced in the liver, while others are made by the immune system. Globulins, albumin, and fibrinogen are the major blood proteins. The normal concentration of globulins in the blood is about 2.6-4.6 g/dL.
The term "globulin" is sometimes used synonymously with "globular protein". However, albumins are also globular proteins, but are not globulins. All other serum globular proteins are globulins.
Contents
- 1 Types of globulins
- 2 Sizes
- 3 Plant globulins
- 4 Pseudoglobulins and euglobulins
- 5 References
- 6 External links
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Types of globulins [edit]
All globulins fall into one of the following four categories:
- Alpha 1 globulins
- Alpha 2 globulins
- Beta globulins
- Gamma globulins (one group of gamma globulins are the immunoglobulins, which are also known as "antibodies")
Globulins can be distinguished from one another using serum protein electrophoresis.
Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing blood content of globulins (shown in purple at right) with other constituents.
Sizes [edit]
Globulins exist in various sizes. The lightest globulins are the alpha globulins, which typically have molecular weights of around 92 kDa, while the heaviest class of globulins are the gamma globulins, which typically weigh about 120 kDa. Being the heaviest, the gamma globulins are among the slowest to segregate in gel electrophoresis. Since they are immunologically active, they are also called "immunoglobulins".
Plant globulins [edit]
Non-human globulin proteins exist as well, such as cucurbitin from squashes and vicilin and legumin from legumes and peas, functioning as protein storage within seeds. These proteins can cause allergic reactions if they bind with human IgE antibodies.[1]
Pseudoglobulins and euglobulins [edit]
Pseudoglobulins are a class of globulins that are more soluble in ammonium sulfate than euglobulins. Pseudoglobulins are also soluble in pure water, while euglobulins are not.[2]
References [edit]
- ^ Sanchez-Monge, R.; Lopez-Torrejón, G.; Pascual, C. Y.; Varela, J.; Martin-Esteban, M.; Salcedo, G. (12 November 2004). "Vicilin and convicilin are potential major allergens from pea". Clinical & Experimental Allergy 34 (11): 1747–1753. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02085.x.
- ^ Harris, T; Eagle (1935). "THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF THE EUGLOBULIN AND PSEUDOGLOBULIN FRACTIONS OF HORSE AND HUMAN SERUM". J Gen Physiol 19 (2): 383–396. doi:10.1085/jgp.19.2.383. PMC 2141424. PMID 19872935.
External links [edit]
- Cornell
- Globulins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Proteins
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Processes |
- Protein biosynthesis
- Posttranslational modification
- Protein folding
- Protein targeting
- Proteome
- Protein methods
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Structures |
- Protein structure
- Protein structural domains
- Proteasome
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Types |
- List of types of proteins
- List of proteins
- Membrane protein
- Globular protein
- Fibrous protein
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- biochemical families: carbohydrates
- alcohols
- glycoproteins
- glycosides
- lipids
- eicosanoids
- fatty acids / intermediates
- phospholipids
- sphingolipids
- steroids
- nucleic acids
- constituents / intermediates
- proteins
- amino acids / intermediates
- tetrapyrroles / intermediates
B proteins: BY STRUCTURE: membrane, globular (en, ca, an), fibrous
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Proteins: Globular proteins
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Serum globulins |
Alpha globulins
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serpins: alpha-1 (Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha 1-antitrypsin) · alpha-2 (Alpha 2-antiplasmin) · Antithrombin (Heparin cofactor II)
carrier proteins: alpha-1 (Transcortin) · alpha-2 (Ceruloplasmin) · Retinol binding protein
other: alpha-1 (Orosomucoid) · alpha-2 (alpha-2-Macroglobulin, Haptoglobin)
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Beta globulins
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carrier proteins: Sex hormone-binding globulin · Transferrin
other: Angiostatin · Hemopexin · Beta-2 microglobulin · Factor H · Plasminogen · Properdin
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Gamma globulin
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Immunoglobulins
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Other
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Fibronectin (Fetal fibronectin) · Macroglobulin/Microglobulin · Transcobalamin
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Other globulins |
Beta-lactoglobulin (Lactoferrin) · Thyroglobulin · Alpha-lactalbumin
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Albumins |
Egg white
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Conalbumin · Ovalbumin · Avidin
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Serum albumin
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Human serum albumin · Bovine serum albumin · Prealbumin
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Other
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C-reactive protein · Lactalbumin (Alpha-lactalbumin) · Parvalbumin · Ricin
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see also disorders of globin and globulin proteins
B proteins: BY STRUCTURE: membrane, globular (en, ca, an), fibrous
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Effects of pH on protein components of extracted oil bodies from diverse plant seeds and endogenous protease-induced oleosin hydrolysis.
- Zhao L1, Chen Y1, Chen Y1, Kong X1, Hua Y2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jun 1;200:125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.034. Epub 2016 Jan 9.
- Plant seeds are used to extract oil bodies for diverse applications, but oil bodies extracted at different pH values exhibit different properties. Jicama, sunflower, peanut, castor bean, rapeseed, and sesame were selected to examine the effects of pH (6.5-11.0) on the protein components of oil bodie
- PMID 26830569
- Effect of a potential probiotics Lactococcus garvieae B301 on the growth performance, immune parameters and caecum microflora of broiler chickens.
- Zhang T1, Xie J1, Zhang M1, Fu N1, Zhang Y1.
- Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl).2016 Jun;100(3):413-21. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12388. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
- In this study, a novel Lactococcus garvieae B301 was isolated from the intestinal tract of a healthy piglet. L. garvieae B301 was tolerant to acid pH, simulated gastric and small intestinal transit juices, indicating that it was capable of surviving in the gastrointestinal tract. L. garvieae B301
- PMID 26331590
- Assessment of molecular weight distribution of wheat gluten proteins for chapatti quality.
- Chaudhary N1, Dangi P1, Khatkar BS2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.106. Epub 2015 Nov 23.
- Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to characterize molecular weight distribution pattern of gluten proteins of four Indian commercial wheat varieties in order to elucidate their influence on flour physicochemical, dough rheology and quality characteristics of chapatti. SEC profile of a whe
- PMID 26775940
Japanese Journal
- Degradation of β-Conglycinin β-Homotrimer by Papain: Independent Occurrence of Limited and Extensive Proteolysis
- SHUTOV Andrei D.,RUDAKOVA Angela S.,RUDAKOV Sergei V. [他],KAKHOVSKAYA Irina A.,SCHALLAU Anna A.,WILSON Karl A.,MARUYAMA Nobuyuki
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(10), 2082-2086, 2013
- … The dramatic distinction between the degradation patterns of β3-conglycinin and phaseolin, homologous storage 7S globulins, suggests the existence of intrinsic differences in their structures. …
- NAID 130003381894
- 守田 和弘
- 日本食品科学工学会誌 60(5), 199-203, 2013
- … The 7S and 11S globulins are major components of soybean protein. … These results show that rough separation of 7S and 11S globulins in raw soymilk can be achieved using a simple freeze-thaw treatment, thus facilitating the development of new food products. …
- NAID 130003367996
- Hydrolysis of Soybean 7S and 11S Globulins Using Bacillus subtilis
- HAN Xujun,NAGANO Hiroko,PHROMRAKSA Panthitra,TSUJI Michiko,SHIMOYAMADA Makoto,KASUYA Shiro,SUZUKI Tohru,KHAMBOONRUANG Chirasak
- Food science and technology research 18(5), 651-657, 2012-09-01
- NAID 10031054450
Related Links
- ウィキペディアの英語版でGlobulinsという用語が挙げてありますが、そこでは、以下の意味で使われています。The globulins are a family of globular proteins that have higher molecular weights and water solubility values than the albumins.
- glŏb'yə-lĭn) Pronunciation Key A major class of proteins found in the seeds of plants and in various tissues and substances of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, including blood, muscle, and milk. The globulins in blood comprise all ...
Related Pictures
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- 関
- globule、globulus、spherule