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of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes; "his major field was mathematics"
a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain
a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject; "she is a linguistics major"
the principal field of study of a student at a university; "her major is linguistics"
greater in number or size or amount; "a major portion (a majority) of the population"; "Ursa Major"; "a major portion of the winnings"
greater in scope or effect; "a major contribution"; "a major improvement"; "a major break with tradition"; "a major misunderstanding"
have as ones principal field of study; "She is majoring in linguistics"
of a scale or mode; "major scales"; "the key of D major"
of full legal age
of greater importance or stature or rank; "a major artist"; "a major role"; "major highways"
of greater seriousness or danger; "a major earthquake"; "a major hurricane"; "a major illness"
of the elder of two boys with the same family name; "Jones major"
British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943) (同)John Major, John R. Major, John Roy Major
relating to the sense of equilibrium

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『大きい』(『多い』)『ほうの』,いっそう重要な / (音階が)長調の,長音階の / 《英》《昔の学校で同姓または兄弟生徒を区別するために姓の後につけて》年長の,兄の / 《しばしばM-》陸軍(空軍)少佐 / 《米》専攻科目;専攻学生 / 《the majors》《米》=major leagues / (科目を)専攻する《+『in』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/08 11:18:15」(JST)

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The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two pea sized compound racemose glands^[2] located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males. However, while Bartholin's glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch in females, bulbourethral glands are located in the deep perineal pouch in males. Their duct length is 1.5 to 2.0 cm and open into navicular fossa.^[2] The ducts are paired and they open on the surface of the vulva.

Function

Bartholin's glands secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication.^[3]^[4] Bartholin's glands secrete relatively minute amounts of fluid when a woman is sexually aroused.^[5] The minute droplets of fluid were once believed to be important for lubricating the vagina, but research from Masters and Johnson demonstrated that vaginal lubrication comes from deeper within the vagina.^[5] The fluid may slightly moisten the labial opening of the vagina, serving to make contact with this sensitive area more comfortable for the woman.^[5]

Clinical significance

It is possible for the Bartholin's glands to become blocked and inflamed resulting in pain.^[5] This is known as bartholinitis or a Bartholin's cyst.^[6] A Bartholin's cyst in turn can become infected and form an abscess. Adenocarcinoma of the gland is rare, but benign tumors and hyperplasia are even more rare.^[7]

History

De ovariis mulierum et generationis historia epistola anatomica, 1678

Bartholin's glands were first described in the 17th century by the Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655–1738).^[8] Some sources mistakenly ascribe their discovery to his grandfather, theologian and anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629).^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b Greater Vestibular (Bartholin) gland
^ ^a ^b Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.
^ "Viscera of the Urogenital Triangle". University of Arkansas Medical School.
^ Chrétien, F.C.; Berthou J. (September 18, 2006). "Crystallographic investigation of the dried exudate of the major vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in women.". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 135 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.06.031. PMID 16987591. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Bartholin's Gland". Discovery Health.
^ Sue E. Huether (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 817. ISBN 9780323293754.
^ Argenta PA, Bell K, Reynolds C, Weinstein R (Oct 1997). "Bartholin's gland hyperplasia in a postmenopausal woman". Obstetrics & Gynecology 90 (4 part 2): 695–7. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00409-2. PMID 11770602.
^ Bartholin's gland at Who Named It?
^ C. C. Gillispie (ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York 1970.^{[page needed]} See the article on Thomas Bartholin.

External links

Anatomy photo:41:11-0200 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"The Female Perineum: Muscles of the Superficial Perineal Pouch"
Anatomy image:9243 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Anatomy image:9694 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center—opening

UpToDate Contents

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1. 妊娠女性における単極性うつ病：治療 unipolar major depression in pregnant women treatment
2. 精神病性特徴を伴う単極性大うつ病：疫学、臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 unipolar major depression with psychotic features epidemiology clinical features assessment and diagnosis
3. 精神病性特徴を伴う単極性大うつ病：維持療法および疾患経過 unipolar major depression with psychotic features maintenance treatment and course of illness
4. 成人における単極性うつ病：初期治療の選択 unipolar major depression in adults choosing initial treatment
5. 単極性大うつ病に対する維持療法としてのマインドフルネス認知療法 mindfulness based cognitive therapy as maintenance treatment for unipolar major depression

English Journal

Quality of life and sexual activity during treatment of Bartholin's cyst or abscess with a Word catheter.

Reif P1, Elsayed H2, Ulrich D2, Bjelic-Radisic V2, Häusler M2, Greimel E2, Tamussino K2.
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.2015 Jul;190:76-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
OBJECTIVES: Cysts and abscesses of the Bartholin glands are a common occurrence in gynecologic or general practice. Little is known about restrictions in patient's daily life and sexual activity during treatment of Bartholin's cysts in general and especially with the Word catheter. This study is to
PMID 25800788

Clinical Pathology of Bartholin's Glands: A Review of the Literature.

Lee MY1, Dalpiaz A1, Schwamb R1, Miao Y2, Waltzer W2, Khan A2.
Current urology.Curr Urol.2015 May;8(1):22-5. doi: 10.1159/000365683. Epub 2015 May 20.
The Bartholin's glands are located symmetrically at the posterior region of the vaginal opening and play an important role in the female reproductive system. These two pea-sized glands are involved in mucus secretion and vaginal lubrication. Cyst formation in the glands is common and results from mu
PMID 26195958

Squamous cell carcinoma of Bartholin gland coexistent with human papillomavirus.

Topolovec Z, Blažičević V, Šijanović S, Vidosavljević D.
European journal of gynaecological oncology.Eur J Gynaecol Oncol.2015;36(4):482-4.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the Bartholm's glands is a very rare form of vulvar neoplasm. This case presents a 46-year-old female diagnosed with advanced primary squamous cell cancer of the Bartholin glands that has proven positive for human papillomavirus (HPV). The patient was treated with a wide e
PMID 26390709

「バルトリン腺」

Bartholin's gland
	Female genital organs
Details
Precursor	Urogenital sinus
Artery	external pudendal artery
Nerve	ilioinguinal nerve
Lymph	superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Identifiers
Latin	glandula vestibularis major
MeSH	A05.360.319.887.220
Dorlands; /Elsevier	Bartholin gland
TA	A09.2.01.016
FMA	9598
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: Bartholin gland, Bartholin's gland
ラ: glandula Bartholini
同: 大前庭腺 greater vestibular gland (Z) glandula vestibularis major、Bartholin腺
関: 小前庭腺、前庭腺。腟

[show details]

バルトリン腺 : 約 104,000 件
大前庭腺 : 約 24,100 件

図：N.359、(M.252の図は変？)
前庭の両側で、腟口の後外側に存在
粘液を分泌

左右の前庭球の後端に位置し腟口の両側中央部に開口
発生：尿生殖洞

発生学的な関係 (KH.258,264 N.362,368)

|TLEFT|c |男性|前立腺|尿道腺 (Littre腺)|球尿道腺| |女性|尿道腺|小前庭腺 (スキーン腺)|大前庭腺|

「major」

　　[★]

adj.

主要な、主な、専攻する、メジャーな

関: cardinal、chief、chiefly、foremost、main、mainly、master、mostly、predominant、predominantly、primarily、primary、principal、principally

「vestibular」

　　[★]

adj.

前庭の

関: vestibule、vestibulo

[stanford-1] Greater Vestibular (Bartholin) gland

[:1-2] Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.

[3] "Viscera of the Urogenital Triangle". University of Arkansas Medical School.

[4] Chrétien, F.C.; Berthou J. (September 18, 2006). "Crystallographic investigation of the dried exudate of the major vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in women.". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 135 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.06.031. PMID 16987591. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[Discovery_health-5] "Bartholin's Gland". Discovery Health.

[6] Sue E. Huether (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 817. ISBN 9780323293754.

[7] Argenta PA, Bell K, Reynolds C, Weinstein R (Oct 1997). "Bartholin's gland hyperplasia in a postmenopausal woman". Obstetrics & Gynecology 90 (4 part 2): 695–7. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00409-2. PMID 11770602.

[8] Bartholin's gland at Who Named It?

[9] C. C. Gillispie (ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York 1970.^{[page needed]} See the article on Thomas Bartholin.

リンク元	「バルトリン腺」
関連記事	「major」「vestibular」

匿名

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案内

案内

glandula vestibularis major