gift

　 　

WordNet

1. something acquired without compensation
2. a gift (usually of inferior quality) that should be accepted uncritically; "it wasnt much, but dont look a gift horse in the mouth"
3. a shop that sells miscellaneous articles appropriate as gifts (同)novelty shop
4. a wedding present to the bride
5. ornamental wrapping for gifts

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(…への)『贈り物』,寄贈品,寄付金《+『to』(『for』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…に対する)『生まれつきの才能』,天賦の才《+『for』(『of』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈U〉《古》与えること,贈与;(権力者などが持つ地位などを)与える権限
2. 天分のある,才能豊かな

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/08 04:27:25」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

ギフト（Gift）

一般名詞

• 英語で「贈り物」。
• ドイツ語で「毒」。
• 天賦の才能。ギフテッド（ギフトを持つ者、持つこと）を参照。

題名

• 楽曲
  • Gifts - 1975年6月発売の南沙織の楽曲。アルバム『Cynthia Street』に収録。
  • Gift (THE COLLECTORSの曲) - 1997年9月発売の THE COLLECTORS のシングル曲。
  • Gift (坂本真綾の曲) - 1997年9月発売の坂本真綾のシングル曲。
  • gift - day after tomorrowの楽曲。2002年8月発売のミニアルバム「day after tomorrow」に収録。
  • GIFT - 広瀬香美の楽曲。2006年2月発売のシングル「GIFT/愛は特効薬」に収録。
  • ギフト (ET-KINGの曲) - 2007年9月発売のET-KINGのシングル曲。
  • GIFT (Mr.Childrenの曲) - 2008年7月発売のMr.Childrenのシングル曲。
  • ギフト (ポルノグラフィティの曲) - 2008年8月発売のポルノグラフィティのシングル曲。
  • gift - 小松未歩のアルバム『小松未歩 5 〜source〜』の収録曲。
  • ギフト - 嵐の楽曲。2010年8月発売のアルバム『僕の見ている風景』に収録。
  • gift - SMAPの楽曲。2012年8月発売のアルバム『GIFT of SMAP』に収録。
• CD
  • GIFT (関ジャニ∞のシングル) - 関ジャニ∞が2009年12月に3日連続リリースした3種のシングル。
  • Gift 〜あなたはマドンナ〜 - 土岐麻子の2011年1月発売のシングル。
• 物語作品
  • ギフト (テレビドラマ) - 1997年の日本のテレビドラマ。
  • ギフト (映画) - 2000年のアメリカの映画。
  • gift (2014年の映画) - 2014年の日本映画。
  • Gift 〜ギフト〜 - MOONSTONEによる2005年のアダルトゲーム。また、それを原作としたアニメ「Gift 〜ギフト〜 eternal rainbow」。
  • GIFT (ミュージカル) - 2006年から2008年まで毎年クリスマス前後に公演されたミュージカル。
  • ギフト - 日明恩の2008年の小説。
  • ギフト± - ナガテユカの漫画。
• その他
  • ギフト〜E名言の世界〜 - 2010年度からNHK教育テレビ（現・NHK Eテレ）で放送されている英語教養番組。

芸能グループ

• GiFT - 日本の音楽デュオ。
• ギフト (お笑い) - かつてギフト☆矢野らが結成していたお笑いコンビ。

その他

• GIF-T - 近江窯業の壁面緑化システム。
• Gift (企業) - 日本のフィギュアメーカー。
• 株式会社gift - 元光文社の山本由樹が代表を務める出版社で、幻冬舎の子会社。→幻冬舎を参照

このページは曖昧さ回避のためのページです。一つの語句が複数の意味・職能を有する場合の水先案内のために、異なる用法を一覧にしてあります。お探しの用語に一番近い記事を選んで下さい。このページへリンクしているページを見つけたら、リンクを適切な項目に張り替えて下さい。

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Gift (disambiguation).

"Gifts" redirects here. For the Ray J song, see Gifts (song).

"Presents" redirects here. For the 10 Foot Ganja Plant album, see Presents (album).

"Christmas present" redirects here. For the album by Andy Williams, see Christmas Present (album).

Not to be confused with Christmas Gift.

Gifts under a Christmas tree

Red gift box

A gift or a present is an item given to someone without the expectation of payment. The gifted item should not be owned by the recipient. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is meant to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money, goods, etc. may sustain social relations and contribute to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy. By extension the term gift can refer to anything that makes the other happier or less sad, especially as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness. Gifts are also first and foremost presented on occasions - birthdays and Christmas being the main examples.

Presentation

In many cultures gifts are traditionally packaged in some way. For example, in Western cultures, gifts are often wrapped in wrapping paper and accompanied by a gift note which may note the occasion, the recipient's name, and the giver's name. In Chinese culture, red wrapping connotes luck. Although cheaper gifts are common amongst colleagues, associates and acquaintances, expensive gifts or sex toy gifts are considered more appropriate among closer friends, BFFs or relatives.

Gift giving occasions

Gift giving occasions may be:

• An expression of love or friendship
• An expression of gratitude for a gift received.
• An expression of piety, in the form of charity.
• An expression of solidarity, in the form of mutual aid.
• To share wealth.
• To offset misfortune.
• Offering travel souvenirs.
• Custom, on occasions (often celebrations) such as
  • A birthday (the person who has his or her birthday gives cake, etc. and/or receives gifts).
  • A potlatch, in societies where status is associated with gift-giving rather than acquisition.
  • Christmas (throughout the history of Christmas gift giving, people have given one another gifts, often pretending they are left by Santa Claus, the Christ child or Saint Nicholas).
  • Feast of Saint Nicholas (people give each other gifts, often supposedly receiving them from Saint Nicholas).
  • Easter baskets with chocolate eggs, jelly beans, and chocolate rabbits are gifts given on Easter.
  • Greek Orthodox Christians in Greece, will give gifts to family and friends on the Feast of Saint Basil.
  • Muslims give gifts to family and friends, known as Eidi, on Eid al-Fitr (the end of Ramadan) and on Eid al-Adha.
  • Jews gives Hanukkah gifts to family and friends.
  • Hindus give Diwali and Pongal gifts to family and friends.
  • Buddhists give Vesak gifts to family and friends.
  • Gifts are given to among African American families and friends on Kwanzaa.
  • A wedding (the couple receives gifts and gives food and/or drinks at the wedding reception).
  • A wedding anniversary (each spouse receives gifts).
  • A funeral (visitors bring flowers, the relatives of the deceased give food and/or drinks after the ceremonial part).
  • A birth (the baby receives gifts, or the mother receives a gift from the father known as a push present).
  • Passing an examination (the student receives gifts).
  • Father's Day (the father receives gifts).
  • Mother's Day (the mother receives gifts).
  • Exchange of gifts between a guest and a host, often a traditional practice.
  • Lagniappe
  • Retirement Gifts
  • Congratulations Gifts
  • Engagement Gifts
  • Housewarming party
  • Ironically, gift giving also refers to an HIV negative person consensually receiving the HIV virus. See Bugchasing.

Legal aspects of gifts

Main articles: Gift (law) and Gift tax

At common law, for a gift to have legal effect, it was required that there be (1) intent by the donor to give a gift, and (2) delivery to the recipient of the item to be given as a gift.

In some countries, certain types of gifts above a certain monetary amount are subject to taxation. For the United States, see Gift tax in the United States.

In some contexts gift giving can be construed as bribery. This tends to occur in situations where the gift is given with an implicit or explicit agreement between the giver of the gift and its receiver that some type of service will be rendered (often outside of normal legitimate methods) because of the gift. Some groups, such as government workers, may have strict rules concerning gift giving and receiving so as to avoid the appearance of impropriety.

Religious views

Lewis Hyde remarks in The Gift that Christianity considers the Incarnation and subsequent death of Jesus to be the greatest gift to humankind, and that the Jataka contains a tale of the Buddha in his incarnation as the Wise Hare giving the ultimate alms by offering himself up as a meal for Sakka. (Hyde, 1983, 58-60)

In the Eastern Orthodox Church the bread and wine that are consecrated during the Divine Liturgy are referred to as "the Gifts." They are first of all the gifts of the community (both individually and corporately) to God, and then, after the epiklesis, the Gifts of the Body and Blood of Christ to the Church.

Ritual sacrifices can be seen as return gifts to a deity.

See also

• Alms
• Altruism
• Atonement
• Charity (practice)
• Debt relief
• Diplomatic gift
• Gift economy
• Gift (law)
• Gift tax
• Gift wrapping
• Giving Circles
• Green Gifting
• Random act of kindness
• Red packet
• Regiving
• Xenia (Greek)

References

Further reading

• Marcel Mauss and W.D. Halls, Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, W. W. Norton, 2000, trade paperback, ISBN 0-393-32043-X
• Lewis Hyde: The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property, 1983 (ISBN 0-394-71519-5), especially part I, "A Theory of Gifts", part of which was originally published as "The Gift Must Always Move" in Co-Evolution Quarterly No. 35, Fall 1982.
• Jean-Luc Marion translated by Jeffrey L. Kosky, "Being Given: Toward a Phenomenology of Giveness", Stanford University Press, 2002 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-8047-3410-0.
• Suzie Gibson: "Give and take: the anxiety of gift giving at Christmas," The Conversation, 16 December 2014.
• (French) Alain Testart, Critique du don : Études sur la circulation non marchande, Paris, Collection Matériologique, éd. Syllepse, 268 p., 2007
• Review of the "World of the Gift"

• Antón, C., Camarero, C. and Gil, F. (2014), The culture of gift giving: What do consumers expect from commercial and personal contexts?. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13: 31–41. doi: 10.1002/cb.1452

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ギフテッド（英才児）：特徴および同定 the gifted child characteristics and identification
• 2. ギフテッド（英才児）：教育的介入とプライマリケアのマネージメント the gifted child educational interventions and primary care management
• 3. 小児および思春期における注意欠陥多動性障害：臨床的特徴および評価 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents clinical features and evaluation
• 4. 特異的学習障害の定義および学習障害に関する法律 definitions of specific learning disability and laws pertaining to learning disabilities

English Journal

• A case-control study of the difficulties in daily functioning experienced by children with depressive disorder.

• Usami M1, Iwadare Y2, Watanabe K2, Ushijima H2, Kodaira M3, Okada T4, Sasayama D5, Sugiyama N5, Saito K3.
• Journal of affective disorders.J Affect Disord.2015 Jul 1;179:167-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.023. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
• OBJECTIVE: The parent-assessed children-with-difficulties questionnaire (Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties; QCD) is designed to evaluate a child׳s difficulties in functioning during specific periods of the day. This study aimed to use the QCD to evaluate the difficulties in daily functioning
• PMID 25863914

• Pediatric intestinal transplant listing criteria - a call for a change in the new era of intestinal failure outcomes.

• Burghardt KM1,2, Wales PW1,3, de Silva N1, Stephens D4, Yap J5, Grant D3, Avitzur Y1,2.
• American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.Am J Transplant.2015 Jun;15(6):1674-81. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13147. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
• Current listing indications used for intestinal transplantation (IT) were proposed in 2001. We undertook the present single center study to see if these criteria are still valid. The 2001 criteria (advanced cholestasis, loss of >50% central venous catheter (CVC) sites, ≥2 sepsis/year, ultrashor
• PMID 25809131

• Associations of deceased donor kidney injury with kidney discard and function after transplantation.

• Hall IE1,2, Schröppel B3, Doshi MD4, Ficek J1, Weng FL5, Hasz RD6, Thiessen-Philbrook H7, Reese PP8, Parikh CR1,2,9.
• American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.Am J Transplant.2015 Jun;15(6):1623-31. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13144. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
• Deceased donor kidneys with acute kidney injury (AKI) are often discarded due to fear of poor outcomes. We performed a multicenter study to determine associations of AKI (increasing admission-to-terminal serum creatinine by AKI Network stages) with kidney discard, delayed graft function (DGF) and 6-
• PMID 25762442

• Executive functioning, emotion regulation, eating self-regulation, and weight status in low-income preschool children: how do they relate?

• Hughes SO1, Power TG2, O'Connor TM3, Orlet Fisher J4.
• Appetite.Appetite.2015 Jun;89:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Jan 14.
• The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between child eating self-regulation, child non-eating self-regulation, and child BMIz in a low-income sample of Hispanic families with preschoolers. The eating in the absence of hunger task as well as parent-report of child satiety respo
• PMID 25596501

Japanese Journal

• Egypt : 'Gift of the Nile' or Prisoner of the Nile? : Changing International Politics in the Nile Basin (富田広士教授退職記念号)

• 法学研究 89(3), 246-225, 2016-03
• NAID 40020759382

• From Subsistence to Commercial Hunting : Changes of Hunting Activities among the San in Botswana (Natural History of Communication among the Central Kalahari San)

• African study monographs. Supplementary issue. 52, 41-59, 2016-03
• NAID 120005715327

• 格別なる贈り物・エバーメクチンの発見から生合成研究まで (大村智博士と梶田隆章博士の2015年ノーベル賞受賞)

• 学術の動向 : SCJフォーラム = Trends in the sciences : SCJ Forum 21(2), 13-19, 2016-02
• NAID 40020743841

• 「つくる」「仕入れる」「売る」雑貨ビジネスのアイディアソース 雑貨百案(其の95)全国のいいね!が集結 : 中小企業総合展in Gift Show 雑貨コンサルタント富本雅人がセレクトした10商品

• Monthly gift
• NAID 40020733131

Related Links

• フィギュアメーカーGift

Giftはフィギュアやグッズの企画・製造・販売会社です。

• Mr.children -GIFT - YouTube

2008年7月2日 ... CAZ1206 9 months ago. ２歳の娘がこのＰＶを見て、『みんなびちょびちょだね！』って 言った。でもこのＰＶに映ってるみなさんと同じようにﾆｺﾆｺしてて、なんか私、ﾐｽﾁﾙと娘に ＧＩＦＴをもらった気になった。すごく嬉しくなった。. Reply · 30 ...

• GIFT Mr.Children 歌詞情報 - goo 音楽

GIFT（Mr.Children）の歌詞: 一番きれいな色ってなんだろう？... NHKテレビ「北京 オリンピック」テーマ・ソング.

Related Pictures