WordNet

the set of all points or lines that satisfy or are determined by specific conditions; "the locus of points equidistant from a given point is a circle"
the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome
(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors" (同)cistron, factor
informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"

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locusの複数形
(法律用語で)場所,位置 / (数学で,点が描く)軌跡)
遺伝子

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/11 22:12:32」(JST)

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Chromosome components:

(1) Chromatid
(2) Centromere
(3) Short (p) arm

(4) Long (q) arm

A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).^[1] Each chromosome carries many genes; human's estimated 'haploid' protein coding genes are 19,000-20,000,^[2] on the 23 different chromosomes. A variant of the similar DNA sequence located at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a gene map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the locus for a particular biological trait.

Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele of a given gene at some locus are called homozygous with respect to that gene, while those that have different alleles of a given gene at a locus are called heterozygous with respect to that gene.^[3]

Nomenclature

Cytogenetic banding nomenclature

The shorter arm of a chromosome is termed the p arm or p-arm, while the longer arm is the q arm or q-arm. The chromosomal locus of a typical gene might be written 3p22.1, where

3 = chromosome 3
p = p-arm
22 = region 2, band 2 (read as "two, two", not "twenty-two")
1 = sub-band 1

Thus the entire locus of the example above would be read as "three P two two point one."

The cytogenetic bands count from the centromere out toward the telomeres.

Component	Explanation
3	The chromosome number.
p	The position is on the chromosome's short arm (a common apocryphal explanation is that the p stands for petit in French); q indicates the long arm (chosen as next letter in alphabet after p; alternatively it is sometimes said that q stands for queue meaning tail in French).
22.1	The numbers that follow the letter represent the position on the arm: region 2, band 2, sub-band 1. The bands are visible under a microscope when chromosome is suitably stained. Each of the bands is numbered, beginning with 1 for the band nearest the centromere. Sub-bands and sub-sub-bands are visible at higher resolution.

Example of bands

A range of loci is specified in a similar way. For example, the locus of gene OCA1 may be written "11q1.4-q2.1", meaning it is on the long arm of chromosome 11, somewhere in the range from sub-band 4 of region 1 to sub-band 1 of region 2.

The ends of a chromosome are labeled "pter" and "qter", and so "2qter" refers to the terminus of the long arm of chromosome 2.

Centisome

A centisome (not to be confused with a centrosome) is defined as 1% of a chromosome length.^[4]

References

^ Wood, E.J. (1995). "The encyclopedia of molecular biology". Biochemical .Education. 23 (2): 1165. doi:10.1016/0307-4412(95)90659-2.
^ Ezkurdia, Iakes; Juan, David; Rodriguez, Jose Manuel; Frankish, Adam; Diekhans, Mark; Harrow, Jennifer; Vazquez, Jesus; Valencia, Alfonso; Tress, Michael L. (2014-11-15). "Multiple evidence strands suggest that there may be as few as 19,000 human protein-coding genes". Human Molecular Genetics. 23 (22): 5866–5878. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu309. ISSN 1460-2083. PMC 4204768 . PMID 24939910.
^ "NCI Dictionary of Genetics". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
^ Peter D. Karp; Monica Riley (2009-01-11), Representations of Metabolic Knowledge (PDF)

Michael, R. Cummings. (2011). Human Heredity. Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole

External links

Overview at ornl.gov
Chromosome Banding and Nomenclature from NCBI.

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