garfish

　

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/13 22:17:36」(JST)

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For the large freshwater fish, see gar.

Garfish
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Beloniformes
Family:	Belonidae
Genus:	Belone
Species:	B. belone
Binomial name
Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
The range of the garfish
Synonyms
Esox belone Linnaeus, 1761 Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) Belone bellone (Linnaeus, 1761) Belone longirostris Schinz, 1822 Belone acus Risso, 1827 Belone vulgaris Fleming, 1828 Belone rostrata Faber, 1829 Hemiramphus europaeus Yarrell, 1837 Belone gracilis Lowe, 1839 Belone belone gracilis Lowe, 1839 Hemiramphus balticus Hohnbaum-Hornschuch, 1843 Hemiramphus behnii Hohnbaum-Hornschuch, 1843 Belone vulgaris Valenciennes, 1846 Belone undecimradiata Budge, 1848 Hemiramphus obtusus Couch, 1848 Macrognathus scolopax Gronow, 1854 Belone euxini Günther, 1866 Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 Belone cornidii Günther, 1866 Belone linnei Malm, 1877

The garfish (Belone belone), or sea needle, is a pelagic, oceanodromous needlefish found in brackish and marine waters of the Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, etc. The fish lives close to the surface and has a migratory pattern similar to that of the mackerel, arriving a short time before the latter to spawn. It is long and slender, sometimes 2 or 3 feet (0.91 m) in length. From the North Sea, garfish migrate to shallow waters in April and May. They spawn in areas with eel grass in May and June. In the autumn they return to the open sea, including the Atlantic west of the British Isles.

Garfish are Pelagic fish. They feed on small fish and leap out of the water when hooked. The garfish are oviparous and the eggs are often found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface. Garfish have unusually green bones (due to biliverdin) which discourages many people from eating them, but the green color is harmless. They are caught mainly in fixed nets along the coast in shallow waters. Garfish are eaten fried, baked, barbecued or smoked.

Its pelvic fins are located in a posterior position as are its dorsal and anal fins. They are positioned for posterior flexing of the body.

References

• Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Belone belone" in FishBase. Apr 2007 version.
•  "Garfish". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. 

External links

English Journal

• Transtympanic Facial Nerve Paralysis: A Review of the Literature.

• Schaefer N1, O'Donohue P1, French H1, Griffin A1, Elliott D1, Gochee P1.
• Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open.Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open.2015 Jun 5;3(5):e388. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000360. eCollection 2015.
• Facial nerve paralysis because of penetrating trauma through the external auditory canal is extremely rare, with a paucity of published literature. The objective of this study is to review the literature on transtympanic facial nerve paralysis and increase physician awareness of this uncommon injury
• PMID 26090278

• Ecological morphotaxometry of trematodes of garfish (Teleostomi: Belonidae) from Gangetic riverine ecosystem in India. III. Principal component analysis in the dynamics of Cephalogonimus yamunii (Upadhyay, Jaiswal, Malhotra and Malhotra, 2012).

• Jaiswal N1, Upadhyay SK1, Malhotra A2, Malhotra SK1.
• Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology.J Parasit Dis.2014 Jun;38(2):153-62. doi: 10.1007/s12639-012-0200-6. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
• The attributes of multivariate analyses were applied to infer peculiarity in distribution dynamics of Cephalogonimus yamunii Upadhyay et al. (J Parasit, 2012) in Xenentodon cancilla under influence of interionic interactions amongst hydrobiological factors. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney's Test χ(2) s
• PMID 24808643

• Survey of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in wild fishes in the southeastern Black Sea.

• Ogut H1, Altuntas C.
• Diseases of aquatic organisms.Dis Aquat Organ.2014 May 13;109(2):99-106. doi: 10.3354/dao02728.
• Species diversity in the Black Sea ecosystem has been declining rapidly over the last 2 decades. To assess the occurrence and distribution of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in various wild fish species, a wild marine fish survey was carried out in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The pooled or ind
• PMID 24991737

Japanese Journal

• Molecular Discrimination of Garfish Hyporhamphus (Beloniformes) Larvae in Southern Australian Waters

• Marine biotechnology 3(6), 509-514, 2001-11-01
• NAID 10016099255

• Feeding habits of the southern Australian garfish, Hyporhamphus melanochir : a diurnal herbivore and nocturnal carnivore

• Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10, 197-201, 1983
• NAID 30029524190

• Nutrition of the southern sea garfish Hyporhamphus melanochir : gut passage rate and daily consumption of two food types and assimilation of seagrass components

• Mar Ecol Prog Ser 12, 207-216, 1983
• NAID 30029524118

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