WordNet

a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
the act of suffocating (someone) by constricting the windpipe; "no evidence that the choking was done by the accused" (同)strangling, strangulation, throttling

PrepTutorEJDIC

息詰まるような,窒息させる,息苦しい / (感動で)むせぶような

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/30 05:47:01」(JST)

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a girl wearing a ball gag

A gag is usually an item or device designed to prevent speech, often as a restraint device to stop the subject from calling for help and keep its wearer quiet. This is usually done by blocking the mouth, partially or completely, or attempting to prevent the tongue, lips, or jaw from moving in the normal patterns of speech. The more "effective" a gag appears to be, the more hazardous it is: for example, duct tape is fairly effective at keeping one's mouth shut but is hazardous if for some reason (e.g., the common cold) the subject cannot breathe freely through the nose. For this reason, a gagged person should never be left alone.

The use of gags is commonly depicted in soap operas and crime fiction, particularly in comics and novels. It is also often used in movies, such as Raiders of the Lost Ark and its sequel Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.

Very rarely, courts have been known to gag unruly defendants. Bobby Seale is one example.^[1]

Occasionally a cloth over-the-mouth gag is used not to prevent speech but to keep dust and aerosols out of the lungs.^[2]

For an unusual case of emergency gagging during film production, see Rope (film)#Production.

Types of gags

Play media

3 Layer Gag - Stuff, Cleave, and Tape

One type of gag familiar in fiction, particularly in crime comics and novels, is a suitably sized piece of cloth pulled over the subject's mouth and tied at the back of his/her head. It is sometimes called the "detective gag" because many of its first appearances were in crime serials.

Sometimes a gag is pushed back between the victim's front teeth into the mouth, or with a hard ball in its middle or reinforced by pushing small cloth items into the mouth. This is common in BDSM, but in practice these sorts of gag can usually be got rid of by working the jaws about and/or pushing with the tongue, and they often do not stop the victim from making a loud inarticulate noise to call for help.

Often adhesive tapes are used for improvised gags. A tape gag can cause the skin on the lips to damaged in its removal or the adhesive can cause chemical burns or reactions.

Other uses of the word

The word "gag" has come to have various extended meanings, for example:

Various sorts of laws and orders preventing or stopping discussion or revealing of information, e.g., a parliamentary procedure to end a debate. See gag order.
A gag rule can be a part of court proceedings and congressional proceedings.
Gag (medical device), to keep the mouth open
A gag bit is a special bit type used with horses.

In symbolism

Sometimes in political cartoons, a character is shown gagged to represent that in the real world some law or rule or order is preventing him/her from speaking about some matter (see gag order).

References

^ Lukas, J. (1969-10-30). "Seale Put in Chains At Chicago 8 Trial; Judge Has Seale Chained and Gagged at Trial of the Chicago 8". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
^ Described, and called a "gag", in a recorded commentary in the Catalyst chemical industry museum in Runcorn (Cheshire, England), to keep alkali dust out of workers' lungs.

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English Journal

NHS can use gagging clauses as long as employees know they don't apply to safety issues, guidance says.

Dyer C.SourceBMJ.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.).BMJ.2013 Apr 23;346:f2606. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f2606.
PMID 23613542

Diagnostic value of symptoms and laboratory data for pertussis in adolescent and adult patients.

Miyashita N, Akaike H, Teranishi H, Kawai Y, Ouchi K, Kato T, Hayashi T, Okimoto N.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan. nao@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp
BMC infectious diseases.BMC Infect Dis.2013 Mar 11;13:129. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-129.
BACKGROUND: Several symptoms are classically thought to be suggestive of pertussis in children, but the diagnostic value of these symptoms in adolescent and adult patients is unclear. We evaluated the accuracy of the clinical findings for the early presumptive diagnosis of pertussis in adolescent an
PMID 23496900

Japanese Journal

経鼻内視鏡と塩酸ペチジンによる意識下鎮静経口内視鏡，同一受診者における受容性の調査

馬嶋健一郎,永田浩一,金潤哲,瀬崎徳久,和田亮一,永谷京平,光島徹
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 56(5), 1797-1801, 2014
【目的】経鼻内視鏡と塩酸ペチジンを使用した経口内視鏡の受容性を比較検討した．<BR>【方法】鎮静なしの経鼻内視鏡で上部消化管内視鏡検診を受けた受診者のうち，約1年前の内視鏡検査が，塩酸ペチジンによる意識下鎮静経口内視鏡であった274名を対象に，アンケート調査および咽頭反射の程度により受診者の受容性を検討した．<BR>【結果】前回の経口内視鏡と比べて，77.4％（212/27 …
NAID 130004811797