関: gadolinium DTPA、gadopentetate dimeglumine、Magnevist

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street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

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酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/03/17 18:22:50」(JST)

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Gadopentetic acid is one of the trade names for a gadolinium -based MRI contrast agent, usually administered as a salt of a complex of gadolinium with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentacetate ) with the chemical formula A₂[Gd(DTPA)(H₂O)]; when cation A is the protonated form of the amino sugar meglumine the salt goes under the name "Gadopentetate dimeglumine". It was described in 1981 and introduced as the first MRI contrast agent in 1987. It is used to assist imaging of blood vessels and of inflamed or diseased tissue where the blood vessels become 'leaky'. It is often used when viewing intracranial lesions with abnormal vascularity or abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier. It is usually injected intravenously. Gd-DTPA is classed as an acyclic, ionic gadolinium contrast medium. Its paramagnetic property reduces the T1 relaxation time (and to some extent the T2 and T2* relaxation times) in NMR, which is the source of its clinical utility.

A bottle of Magnevist contrast agent.

Marketed as Magnevist by Bayer Schering Pharma, it was the first intravenous contrast agent to become available for clinical use, and is in widespread use around the world. Similar contrast agents are Dotarem (gadoterate) manufactured by Guerbet, MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine) and ProHance (gadoteridol) manufactured by Bracco, Omniscan (gadodiamide) manufactured by GE Healthcare, and OptiMARK (gadoversetamide) manufactured by Mallinckrodt.

Gadolinium based agents may cause a toxic reaction known as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with severe kidney problems.^[1]^[2]

Compared to other gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents, Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA2-) chelates allow delayed Gadolinium enhanced enhanced Magnetic Resonance of Cartilage (dGEMRIC). The unique charge characteristic of this complex allows researchers to inversely measure spin-lattice relaxation times as they are related to the concentration of Proteoglycan aggregates and charged Glycosaminoglycan side chains in articular cartilage. ^[3]^[4]

Chemical structure and mode of action

In the complex of Gd³⁺ and DTPA^5- the gadolinium ion is 9-coordinate, surrounded by the 3 nitrogen atoms and 5 oxygen atoms from the carboxylate groups. The ninth coordination site is occupied by a water molecule.^[5] This water molecule is labile and exchanges rapidly with water molecules in the immediate vicinity of the gadolinium complex. The gadolinium ion has 7 unpaired electrons with parallel spins and is strongly paramagnetic with a ¹S electronic ground state. The relaxation time of the water molecules is affected by their intermitant binding to the paramagnetic centre. This alters their MRI properties and enables contrast enhancement to be achieved.^[6]

References

^ Murphy KJ, Brunberg JA, Cohan RH (1996). "Adverse reactions to gadolinium contrast media: a review of 36 cases". American Journal of Roentgenology 167 (4): 847–849. PMID 8819369.
^ H.S. Thomsen, S.K. Morcos and P. Dawson (November 2006). "Is there a causal relation between the administration of gadolinium-based contrast media and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?". Clinical Radiology 61 (11): 905–906. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2006.09.003. PMID 17018301.
^ Bashir A, Gray ML, Boutin RD, Burstein D. Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. Nov 1997;205(2):551-558.
^ Bashir A, Gray ML, Hartke J, Burstein D. Nondestructive imaging of human cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration by MRI. Magn Reson Med. May 1999;41(5):857-865.
^ A. Dean Sherry, Peter Caravan, Robert E. Lenkinski "Primer on Gadolinium Chemistry" J. Magnetic Resonance 2009, volume 30, p1240–1248. doi:10.1002/jmri.21966
^ Caravan, Peter; Ellison, Jeffrey J.; McMurry, Thomas J. ; Lauffer, Randall B. (1999). "Gadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents: Structure, Dynamics, and Applications". Chem. Revs. 99 (9): 2293–2342. doi:10.1021/cr980440x. PMID 11749483.

External links

Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals page on Magnevist (for US)
Bayer Schering Pharma global Magnevist Website
"Gadopentetate Dimeglumine". Magnetic Resonance—Technology Information Portal. http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php?type=db1&dbs=Gadopentetate%20Dimeglumine. Retrieved 2006-03-27.

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English Journal

A new metallostar complex based on an aluminum(iii) 8-hydroxyquinoline core as a potential bimodal contrast agent.

Debroye E, Dehaen G, Eliseeva SV, Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Muller RN, Binnemans K, Parac-Vogt TN.SourceKU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. tatjana.vogt@chem.kuleuven.be.
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003).Dalton Trans.2012 Sep 21;41(35):10549-56. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
A ditopic DTPA monoamide derivative containing an 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety was synthesized and the corresponding gadolinium(iii) complex ([Gd(H5)(H(2)O)](-)) was prepared. After adding aluminum(iii), the 8-hydroxyquinoline part self-assembled into a heteropolymetallic triscomplex [(Gd5)(3)Al(H(2)O)
PMID 22829068

Contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Mn-DPDP in healthy volunteers.

Bae K, Na JB, Choi DS, Cho JM, Choi HC, Jeon KN, Park MJ, Choi HY, Kim JE, Chung SH.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
The British journal of radiology.Br J Radiol.2012 Sep;85(1017):1250-4. Epub 2012 May 2.
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the biliary enhancement dynamics of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic-acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP) for contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography (MRC) in healthy subjects. Methods 15 healthy volunteers und
PMID 22553292

Japanese Journal

Preparation of Gadopentetic Acid-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles for Gadolinium Neutron-Capture Therapy of Cancer by a Novel Emulsion-Droplet Coalescence Technique

TOKUMITSU Hiroyuki,ICHIKAWA Hideki,FUKUMORI Yoshinobu,BLOCK Lawrence H.
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 47(6), 838-842, 1999-06-15
… Biodegradable gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-loaded chitosan microparticles (Gd-μCPs) were prepared as a device for gadolinium neutron-capture therapy (Gd-NCT) by a novel emulsion-droplet coalescence technique : a water-oil (w/o) emulsion A containing chitosan and Gd-DTPA in droplets and a w/o emulsion B containing NaOH in droplets were mixed and stirred to solidify chitosan as a result of collision and coalescence between droplets of each emulsion. …
NAID 110003617319

Preparation of Lecithin Microcapsules by a Dilution Method Using the Wurster Process for Intraarterial Administration in Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy

JONO Kaori,ICHIKAWA Hideki,FUJIOKA Kazuhiro,FUKUMORI Yoshinobu,AKINE Yasuyuki,TOKUUYE Koichi
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 47(1), 54-63, 1999-01-15
… The microcapsules were composed of 1) a lactose core, 2) a layer of distearylamide of gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA-SAm) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with or without soybean lecithin (SL) and 3) a membrane containing SL, cholesterol, stearic acid and PVP at three different compositions. …
NAID 110003617076

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「gadopentetate dimeglumine」「ガドペンテト酸」「Magnevist」「gadolinium DTPA」

「gadopentetate dimeglumine」

Gadopentetic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Pharmacokinetic data
Half-life	Distribution half life 12 minutes, elimination half 100 minutes
Identifiers
CAS number	86050-77-3
ATC code	V08CA01
PubChem	CID 55466
DrugBank	DB00789
ChemSpider	50087
UNII	RH248G8V27
KEGG	D01707
ChEBI	CHEBI:31797
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200431
Chemical data
Formula	C28H54GdN5O20
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H23N3O10.2C7H17NO5.Gd/c18-10(19)5-15(1-3-16(6-11(20)21)7-12(22)23)2-4-17(8-13(24)25)9-14(26)27;21-8-2-4(10)6(12)7(13)5(11)3-9;/h1-9H2,(H,18,19)(H,20,21)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,26,27);24-13H,2-3H2,1H3;/q;;;+3/p-3/t;2*4-,5+,6+,7+;/m.00./s1 ; Key:LGMLJQFQKXPRGA-VPVMAENOSA-K ;
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