frock

WordNet

put a frock on
a habit worn by clerics
divest of the frock; of church officials (同)unfrock
a mans coat having knee-length skirts front and back; worn in the 19th century

PrepTutorEJDIC

《まれ》(婦人・子供の上下続いた)服 / (聖職者の着る)法衣
=unfrock
(修道士・司祭などから)〈聖位・職権など〉‘を'剥奪する《+名+from+名》
フロックコート(19世紀来の男子の礼服)
=unfrock

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/04 20:52:57」(JST)

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This article is about the piece of clothing. For the military term, see Frocking.

Frock has been used since Middle English as the name for an article of clothing for men and women (see also clothing terminology). It is sometimes synonymously used for skirt.

History of the frock

18th century frock, a coat with a flat collar.

Originally, a frock was a loose, long garment with wide, full sleeves, such as the habit of a monk or priest, commonly belted. (This is the origin of the modern term defrock or unfrock, meaning "to eject from the priesthood".)

The term has been continually applied to various types of clothing, generally denoting a loosely fitted garment:

From the sixteenth century to the early twentieth century, frock was applied to a woman's dress or gown, in the fashion of the day, often indicating an unfitted, comfortable garment for wear in the house, or (later) a light overdress worn with a slip or underdress.
From the seventeenth century on, a frock is a thigh- or full-length loose outer garment worn by shepherds, workmen, and farm workers in Britain, generally of heavy linen with a broad flat collar, now usually called a smock-frock. In some areas, this traditional frock buttons up the front in the manner of a coat, while in others it is a pullover style.
In the eighteenth century in Britain and America, a frock was an unfitted men's coat for hunting or other country pursuits, with a broad, flat collar, derived from the traditional working-class frock. Late in the eighteenth century it came to be made with a cutaway front without a waist seam and this may have evolved into the standard dress coat with horizontally cutaway fronts worn for daytime wear by the early nineteenth century and from which the modern tail coat for white tie is derived. The great coat may similarly be historically derived from the frock as it similarly is single breasted, with a high and broad collar, waist pockets, and also lacked a waist seam early in its history as can be seen in an example in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

The precise historical evolution of the frock after the second half of the eighteenth century is obscure, however it is likely that the frock was gradually supplanted by the frock coat in the early nineteenth century, eventually being relegated to evening dress. The frock coat in turn became cut away into the modern coat, giving us the two modern coats with tails.

Frock (especially in the phrase "short frock") is also a child's dress or light overdress.
A frock is a dense knitted overgarment worn by sailors and fishermen, as guernsey frock, jersey frock (now usually simply guernsey and jersey).
The name "oil frock" has been used for a type of sailor's oilskin.

Related terms

A frock coat is a men's coat style of the nineteenth century, characterized by full skirts reaching to the lower thigh or knee. Despite the similarity in the name, the frock coat should be regarded as being a distinct garment quite separate from the frock. In the French language the frock coat is called 'une redingote' (from English "riding coat"), and so unlike the English language implies no immediate relationship to the frock which is called 'une fraque'. Indeed the modern French word for a tail coat is "une frac" which better betrays the historical relationship between the tail coat and the frock. In construction the frock coat could scarcely be more different from the frock for unlike the latter it is usually double breasted, lacks any pockets, lacks a high collar, has V-shaped lapels, is closely fitted and is constructed with a waist seam.

A frock motor is a hub motor frequently fitted to electric bicycles. Unlike belt or chain driven motors which can pose a hazardous entanglement risk to those wearing long or loose garments, the hub motor is laced into the center of the bicycle's wheel. With no fast moving parts near the rider's legs it poses little threat to those wearing frock-like garments. Frock motors are either internally geared or direct drive and come in various sizes depending on their power output. They are the most common type of electric bicycle motor and are fitted to millions of bicycles throughout China and around the world.

References

Oxford English Dictionary
Picken, Mary Brooks: The Fashion Dictionary, Funk and Wagnalls, 1957.
Walker, George: The Tailor's Masterpiece: All Kinds of Coats, 1838 revised edition, reprinted by R.L. Shep, 2001. ISBN 0-914046-28-4.
Waugh, Norah: The Cut of Men's Clothes 1600–1900, Routledge, 1964. ISBN 0-87830-025-2.

External links

ApparelSearch glossary of textile and apparel terms

English Journal

Hyperthermophilic Thermotoga species differ with respect to specific carbohydrate transporters and glycoside hydrolases.

Frock AD, Gray SR, Kelly RM.SourceDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2012 Mar;78(6):1978-86. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
Four hyperthermophilic members of the bacterial genus Thermotoga (T. maritima, T. neapolitana, T. petrophila, and Thermotoga sp. strain RQ2) share a core genome of 1,470 open reading frames (ORFs), or about 75% of their genomes. Nonetheless, each species exhibited certain distinguishing features dur
PMID 22247137

Genome-wide translocation sequencing reveals mechanisms of chromosome breaks and rearrangements in B cells.

Chiarle R, Zhang Y, Frock RL, Lewis SM, Molinie B, Ho YJ, Myers DR, Choi VW, Compagno M, Malkin DJ, Neuberg D, Monti S, Giallourakis CC, Gostissa M, Alt FW.SourceHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Immune Disease Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell.Cell.2011 Sep 30;147(1):107-19.
Whereas chromosomal translocations are common pathogenetic events in cancer, mechanisms that promote them are poorly understood. To elucidate translocation mechanisms in mammalian cells, we developed high-throughput, genome-wide translocation sequencing (HTGTS). We employed HTGTS to identify tens of
PMID 21962511

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