fourth aortic arch

第四大動脈弓

WordNet

1. a passageway under a curved masonry construction; "they built a triumphal arch to memorialize their victory" (同)archway
2. (architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it
3. a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening
4. expert in skulduggery; "an arch criminal"
5. a curved bony structure supporting or enclosing organs (especially the inner sides of the feet)
6. (used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension (同)condescending, patronizing, patronising
7. form an arch or curve; "her back arches"; "her hips curve nicely" (同)curve, arc
8. naughtily or annoyingly playful; "teasing and worrying with impish laughter"; "a wicked prank" (同)impish, implike, mischievous, pixilated, prankish, puckish, wicked
9. coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitude; "the quaternary period of geologic time extends from the end of the tertiary period to the present" (同)4th, quaternary
10. following the third position; number four in a countable series
11. the musical interval between one note and another four notes away from it
12. being one more than three (同)4, iv
13. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one (同)4, IV, tetrad, quatern, quaternion, quaternary, quaternity, quartet, quadruplet, foursome, Little Joe
14. a continuous portion of a circle
15. constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches; "an arched passageway"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (建物の)『アーチ』,迫持(せりもち) / アーチ型の記念碑,弓形門 / 『弓形のもの』 / (足の)土踏まず / …'を'弓形にする / …‘に'アーチをかける / 弓形になる,弓状に伸びる
2. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》おもな,主要な(chief) / (おもに女・子供が)ずるそうな,いたずらそうな(mischievous)
3. 《the fourth》『第4の』,4番目の / 4分の1の / {U}《通例the fourth》『第4番目』;(月の)4日 / 〈C〉4分の1 / 〈C〉(音楽で)4度
4. 〈C〉(数の)4;4ノ記号(4,IVなど) / 〈U〉4時,4分;4歳 / 〈U〉《複数扱い》4人,4個 / 〈C〉4個(4人)1組のもの;フォア(4本オールのボートおよびその選手) / 〈C〉(カードの)4の札 / 4の;4人の;4個の / 《補語にのみ用いて》4歳の(で)
5. 『弧』,円弧 / 電弧(2点間を弧状に流れる電流) / 弧を描く / 電弧を生じる
6. アーチ形の,弓形の / アーチのある

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/11 14:37:57」(JST)

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Aortic arches
Scheme of the aortic arches and their destination.
Profile view of a human embryo estimated at twenty or twenty-one days old.
Details
Latin	Arteriae arcuum pharyngeorum
Identifiers
Gray's	p.515
Code	TE E4.0.3.5.0.3.3
Anatomical terminology

This article focuses upon the multiple aortic arches present in the embryo. For the single structure present in the adult, see Aortic arch

The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (once referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries. They are ventral to the dorsal aorta and arise from the aortic sac.

Specific arches

Arches 1 and 2

The first and second arches disappear early, remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery (branch of external carotid art.) but the dorsal end of the second gives origin to the stapedial artery, a vessel which atrophies in humans but persists in some mammals. It passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital and mandibular arise from a common stem, the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid.

On the obliteration of the stapedial artery this anastomosis enlarges and forms the internal maxillary artery, and the branches of the stapedial artery are now branches of this vessel.

The common stem of the infraorbital and mandibular branches passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and becomes the middle meningeal artery; the original supraorbital branch of the stapedial is represented by the orbital twigs of the middle meningeal.

Arch 3

The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch. Common carotid artery and proximal internal carotid artery.

Arch 4

The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus.

Arch 5

The fifth arch either never forms or forms incompletely and then regresses.

Arch 6

The proximal part of the sixth right arch persists as the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery while the distal section degenerates; The sixth left arch gives off the left pulmonary artery and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O₂ concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1–3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

The ductus arteriosus connects at a junction point that has a low pressure zone (commonly called Bernoulli's principle) created by the inferior curvature (inner radius) of the artery. This low pressure region allows the artery to receive (siphon) the blood flow from the pulmonary artery which is under a higher pressure.

His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch.

Great arteries anomalies

Most defects of the great arteries arise as a result of persistence of aortic arches that normally should regress or regression of arches that normally shouldn't.

• Aberrant subclavian artery; with regression of the right aortic arch 4 and the right dorsal aorta, the right subclavian artery has an abnormal origin on the left side, just below the left subclavian artery. To supply blood to the right arm, this forces the right subclavian artery to cross the midline behind the trachea and esophagus, which may constrict these organs, although usually with no clinical symptoms.
• A double aortic arch; occurs with the development of an abnormal right aortic arch in addition to the left aortic arch, forming a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus, which usually causes dificutly breathing and swallowing. Occasionally, the entire right dorsal aorta abnormally persists and the left dorsal aorta regresses in which case the right aorta will have to arch across from the esophagus causing difficulty breathing or swallowing.
• Right-sided aortic arch
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Coarctation of the aorta

Additional images

• Diagram showing the origins of the main branches of the carotid arteries.

See also

• Pharyngeal arches

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• Embryology at Temple Heart98/heart97b/sld041
• Diagram at University of Michigan
• hednk-008—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 血管輪 vascular rings
• 2. 胸部大動脈瘤の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm
• 3. 成人における大動脈弁狭窄症の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and evaluation of aortic stenosis in adults
• 4. 胸部大動脈の鈍的損傷の手術および血管内修復 surgical and endovascular repair of blunt thoracic aortic injury
• 5. 大動脈解離の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of aortic dissection

English Journal

• Clarification of the identity of the mammalian fifth pharyngeal arch artery.

• Bamforth SD, Chaudhry B, Bennett M, Wilson R, Mohun TJ, Van Mierop LH, Henderson DJ, Anderson RH.SourceInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. simon.bamforth@ncl.ac.uk.
• Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2013 Mar;26(2):173-82. doi: 10.1002/ca.22101. Epub 2012 May 23.
• The remodeling of the pharyngeal arch arteries is a complex process that occurs across vertebrates, although the specific number of arteries varies across species, with six in fish, but only five in birds and mammals, although they are numbered one through four, and six. The existence of a fifth arc
• PMID 22623372

• Tbx1 genetically interacts with the transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Smad7 during great vessel remodeling.

• Papangeli I, Scambler PJ.SourceUCL-ICH, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
• Circulation research.Circ Res.2013 Jan 4;112(1):90-102. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.270223. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
• RATIONALE: Growth and remodeling of the pharyngeal arch arteries are vital for the development of a mature great vessel system. Dysmorphogenesis of the fourth arch arteries can result in interruption of the aortic arch type B, typically found in DiGeorge syndrome. Tbx1 haploinsufficient embryos, whi
• PMID 23011393

Japanese Journal

• Surgical Repair of Two Patients with Persistent Fifth Aortic Arch Coarctation and an Interrupted Fourth Aortic Arch

• 吉澤 康祐,藤原 慶一,今井 健太,大野 暢久,坂崎 尚徳,佃 和弥
• Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 28(6), 320-325, 2012
• … Persistent fifth aortic arch is a rare anomaly of aortic arch development. … Two children with persistent fifth aortic arch coarctation and an interrupted fourth aortic arch were surgically repaired. …
• NAID 130002591246

• Cardiac Neural Crest and Congenital Heart Defects

• 山岸 敬幸
• Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery 28(2), 110-116, 2012
• … A subregion of the cranial NCC originating between the otocyst and somite 3 is called the “cardiac NCC” that migrate into the third, fourth, and sixth pharyngeal arches and the cardiac outflow tract. … They contribute to the remodeling of the six pairs of bilaterally symmetric pharyngeal arch arteries that eventually results in formation of the aortic arch system. …
• NAID 130002591120

Related Links

• Aortic arches - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The fourth right arch forms the right subclavian as far as the origin of its internal mammary branch; while the fourth left arch constitutes the arch of the aorta between the origin of the left carotid artery and the termination of the ductus arteriosus.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「第四大動脈弓」
関連記事	「arc」「arch」「aortic」

「第四大動脈弓」

　　[★]

英

fourth aortic arch

関

大動脈弓

「arc」

　　[★]

• n.

• アーク、弧、電弧

関

AIDS-related complex、lymphadenopathy syndrome

　 　

「arch」

　　[★]

• n.

• アーチ

• adj.

• 弓状の

関

arcuate

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「aortic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 大動脈の

関

aorta、aortae、aortal