足蹠　　　

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a highwayman who robs on foot (同)padder

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追いはぎ
(月に着陸するための)宇宙船の脚部

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/10 08:50:19」(JST)

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1. 単純ヘルペスウイルス1型感染の病因 pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection

English Journal

Establishment of Fischer 344 rat model of ovarian cancer with lymphatic metastasis.

Fan L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Kang Y, Xu C.Author information Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.AbstractPURPOSE: To establish a model of ovarian cancer with highly lymphatic metastasis in immunocompetent rats.
Archives of gynecology and obstetrics.Arch Gynecol Obstet.2014 Jan;289(1):149-54. doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-2937-2. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
PURPOSE: To establish a model of ovarian cancer with highly lymphatic metastasis in immunocompetent rats.METHODS: Thirty-two female Fischer 344 rats were divided randomly and equally into two groups: footpad group and intraperitoneal (i.p.) group. At 8 weeks after injection with NuTu-19 ovarian can
PMID 23828445

Syngeneic murine metastasis models: b16 melanoma.

Giavazzi R, Decio A.Author information Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Biology and Therapy of Metastasis, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy.AbstractThe murine B16 melanoma is one of the most used tumor models, its application having been used to determine the mechanisms associated with the metastatic process and the development of anticancer therapies. The B16 melanoma was originally established by Fidler and collaborators as a tumor line metastasizing to the lung. Since that time a variety of cell lines have been derived, in vitro or in vivo, having different metastatic behaviors.The methods used to obtain artificial metastases to the lung through the intravenous injection of B16 melanoma cells and spontaneous metastasis formation following cancer cell growth in the footpad are described in this chapter.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2014;1070:131-40. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8244-4_10.
The murine B16 melanoma is one of the most used tumor models, its application having been used to determine the mechanisms associated with the metastatic process and the development of anticancer therapies. The B16 melanoma was originally established by Fidler and collaborators as a tumor line metas
PMID 24092437

Lyssavirus infection: 'Low Dose, Multiple Exposure' in the mouse model.

Banyard AC1, Healy DM2, Brookes SM2, Voller K2, Hicks DJ3, Núñez A3, Fooks AR4.Author information 1Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ashley.banyard@ahvla.gsi.gov.uk.2Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.3Pathology Unit, Department of Specialist Scientific Support, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.4Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Infections, University of Liverpool, Microbiology and Immunology, United Kingdom.AbstractThe European bat lyssaviruses (EBLV-1 and EBLV-2) are zoonotic pathogens present within bat populations across Europe. The maintenance and transmission of lyssaviruses within bat colonies is poorly understood. Cases of repeated isolation of lyssaviruses from bat roosts have raised questions regarding the maintenance and intraspecies transmissibility of these viruses within colonies. Furthermore, the significance of seropositive bats in colonies remains unclear. Due to the protected nature of European bat species, and hence restrictions to working with the natural host for lyssaviruses, this study analysed the outcome following repeat inoculation of low doses of lyssaviruses in a murine model. A standardised dose of virus, EBLV-1, EBLV-2 or a 'street strain' of rabies (RABV), was administered via a peripheral route to attempt to mimic what is hypothesised as natural infection. Each mouse (n=10/virus/group/dilution) received four inoculations, two doses in each footpad over a period of four months, alternating footpad with each inoculation. Mice were tail bled between inoculations to evaluate antibody responses to infection. Mice succumbed to infection after each inoculation with 26.6% of mice developing clinical disease following the initial exposure across all dilutions (RABV, 32.5% (n=13/40); EBLV-1, 35% (n=13/40); EBLV-2, 12.5% (n=5/40)). Interestingly, the lowest dose caused clinical disease in some mice upon first exposure ((RABV, 20% (n=2/10) after first inoculation; RABV, 12.5% (n=1/8) after second inoculation; EBLV-2, 10% (n=1/10) after primary inoculation). Furthermore, five mice developed clinical disease following the second exposure to live virus (RABV, n=1; EBLV-1, n=1; EBLV-2, n=3) although histopathological examination indicated that the primary inoculation was the most probably cause of death due to levels of inflammation and virus antigen distribution observed. All the remaining mice (RABV, n=26; EBLV-1, n=26; EBLV-2, n=29) survived the tertiary and quaternary inoculations although the serological response did not necessarily reflect the repeated exposure. We conclude that despite repeated exposure, neither clinical disease nor serological response can be predicted and that further studies are required to understand the mechanisms behind survival following multiple exposures to lyssaviruses.
Virus research.Virus Res.2013 Dec 28. pii: S0168-1702(13)00474-7. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.029. [Epub ahead of print]
The European bat lyssaviruses (EBLV-1 and EBLV-2) are zoonotic pathogens present within bat populations across Europe. The maintenance and transmission of lyssaviruses within bat colonies is poorly understood. Cases of repeated isolation of lyssaviruses from bat roosts have raised questions regardin
PMID 24380842

Japanese Journal

Suppression of experimental arthritis with self-assembling glycol-split heparin nanoparticles via inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB signaling.

Babazada Hasan,Yamashita Fumiyoshi,Hashida Mitsuru
Journal of controlled release 194, 295-300, 2014-11-28
… Treatment with NAHNP had a potent suppressive effect in CIA mice, observed with a decrease in arthritis score and footpad swelling. …
NAID 120005512274