fodder

　 　 　

WordNet

1. give fodder (to domesticated animals)
2. coarse food (especially for livestock) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop
3. soldiers who are regarded as expendable in the face of artillery fire (同)fodder, fresh fish

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (干し草・わらなどの)家畜の飼料,かいば,まぐさ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/03/05 20:33:00」(JST)

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Fodder factory set up by an individual farmer to produce customised cattle feed

Fodder or animal feed is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. "Fodder" refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves (see forage). It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes.

The worldwide animal feed industry consumed 635 million tons of feed (compound feed equivalent) in 2006, with an annual growth rate of about 2%. The use of agricultural land to grow feed rather than human food can be controversial; some types of feed, such as corn (maize), can also serve as human food; those that cannot, such as grassland grass, may be grown on land that can be used for crops consumed by humans. Some agricultural by-products which are fed to animals may be considered unsavory by human consumers.

Common plants specifically grown for fodder

Round hay bales

Newton of Cawdor stack of bales. Sweet smelling fodder stored for winter

Cut green fodder being transported to cattle in Tanzania

• Alfalfa (lucerne)
• Barley
• Birdsfoot trefoil
• Brassica spp.
  • Kale
  • Rapeseed (canola)
  • Rutabaga (swede)
  • Turnip
• Clover
  • Alsike clover
  • Red clover
  • Subterranean clover
  • White clover
• Grass
  • Bermuda grass
  • Brome
  • False oat grass
  • Fescue
  • Heath grass
  • Meadow grasses (from naturally mixed grassland swards)
  • Orchard grass
  • Ryegrass
  • Timothy-grass
• Corn (maize)
• Millet
• Oats
• Sorghum
• Soybeans
• Trees (pollard tree shoots for "tree-hay")
• Wheat

Types of fodder

Various types of legume (left) and grass (right) fodder

• Conserved forage plants: hay and silage
• Compound feed and premixes, often called pellets, nuts or (cattle) cake.
• Crop residues: stover, copra, straw, chaff, sugar beet waste
• Fish meal
• Freshly cut grass and other forage plants
• Meat and bone meal (now illegal in many areas due to risk of BSE)
• Molasses
• Oligosaccharides
• Seaweed
• Seeds and grains, either whole or prepared by crushing, milling etc.
• Sprouted grains and legumes
• Yeast extract
• Native Green Grass
• Bran
• Concentrate Mix
• Groundnut Cake
• Cottonseed Cake
• Safflower Cake
• Green Maize
• Green Sorghum
• Horse Gram
• Local Concentrates

Health concerns

Barley is a crop sometimes grown for fodder

In the past, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or "mad cow disease") spread through the inclusion of ruminant meat and bone meal in cattle feed due to prion contamination. This practice is now banned in most countries where it has occurred. Some animals have a lower tolerance for spoiled or moldy fodder than others, and certain types of molds, toxins, or poisonous weeds inadvertently mixed into a food source may cause economic losses due to sickness or death of the animals. The US Dept. of Health and Human Services regulates drugs of the Veterinary Feed Directive type that can be present within commercial livestock feed.

Sprouted grains as fodder

Fodder in the form of sprouted grains and legumes can be grown in a small-scale environment. Sprouted grains can greatly increase the nutritional value of the grain compared with feeding the "raw" (ungerminated) grain to stock. Sprouted barley and other cereal grains can be grown hydroponically in a carefully controlled environment. Under hydroponic conditions, sprouted fodder at 150 mm tall with a 50 mm root mat is at its peak for animal feed.

See also

• Cannon fodder (metaphorical usage)
• Factory farming
• Forage
• Grain
• Pasture

References

External links

• Animal feed legislation and guidance
• Animal Feed and Ingredients Glossary
• FAO Feed Safety guidelines
• Fodder Plants at Agriculture Guide An article from Agriculture Guide

English Journal

• Wheat bread biofortification with rootlets, a malting by-product.

• Waters DM, Kingston W, Jacob F, Titze J, Arendt EK, Zannini E.SourceSchool of Food and Nutritional Sciences, National University of Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
• Journal of the science of food and agriculture.J Sci Food Agric.2013 Aug 15;93(10):2372-83. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6059. Epub 2013 Apr 19.
• BACKGROUND: Barley rootlets, a malting by-product, are currently discarded or used as fodder. In this study, milled rootlets and Lactobacillus plantarum FST 1.7-fermented rootlets were incorporated into wheat bread. The objective was to formulate a high-nutrition alternative to wholemeal breads with
• PMID 23605954

• Extraction and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from fodder grass; Setaria glauca (L) P. Beauv, and its potential as a drug delivery vehicle for isoniazid, a first line antituberculosis drug.

• Kalita RD, Nath Y, Ochubiojo ME, Buragohain AK.SourceDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
• Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2013 Aug 1;108:85-9. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.016. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
• Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is generally produced through acid hydrolysis of woody plants and agro sources. MCC synthesized from a common wild grass Setaria glauca (L) P. Beauv was characterized to explore the possibility of application in pharmaceutical industry especially as a drug delivery v
• PMID 23524080

• Adverse influence of coumestrol on secretory function of bovine luteal cells in the first trimester of pregnancy.

• Młynarczuk J, Wróbel MH, Kotwica J.SourceInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
• Environmental toxicology.Environ Toxicol.2013 Jul;28(7):411-8. doi: 10.1002/tox.20735. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
• Coumestrol is one of a few biologically active substances present in leguminous plants, which are widely used as fodder for ruminants. Depending on the doses, coumestrol acts on the reproductive processes as an estrogen-like factor or antiestrogen to evoke a decrease in ovulation frequency, elongati
• PMID 21656645

• Predictors of clinically significant weight loss and participant retention in an insurance-sponsored community-based weight management program.

• Abildso CG, Zizzi S, Fitzpatrick SJ.Source1West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
• Health promotion practice.Health Promot Pract.2013 Jul;14(4):580-8. doi: 10.1177/1524839912462393. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
• Health insurance providers are a logical partner in providing third-party payment for behavioral weight loss programming, but little evidence of predictors of improved outcomes or retention in large, insurance-sponsored lifestyle programming is available. The purpose was to determine predictors of w
• PMID 23075503

Japanese Journal

• 水田飼料作経営成立の可能性と条件 : 数理計画法の適用による水田飼料作経営の規範分析と飼料生産コスト

• 千田 雅之,恒川 磯雄
• 農業経営研究 52(4), 1-16, 2015-01
• NAID 40020336016

• 都内における食品廃棄物の飼料化事業 (特集 地域循環圏の高度化とエコタウン事業)

• 田波 猛志
• 都市清掃 = Journal of Japan Waste Management Association 67(321), 476-480, 2014-09
• NAID 40020210756

• Livestock Migration in the Arid Region of Rajasthan (India) : Strategy to Cope with Fodder and Water Scarcity (DESERT TECHNOLOGY 11 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE)

• LOUHAICHI Mounir,CHAND Khem,KUMAR MISRA Arun [他]
• 沙漠研究 = Journal of arid land studies : 日本沙漠学会誌 24(1), 61-64, 2014-06
• NAID 40020187691

• 中国・内モンゴルにおける家畜経済と階級構造-ホボトシャラ旗を事例として-

• 額日登塔娜,エリデンタナ,Eridengtana
• 大東アジア学論集 (14), 24-43, 2014-03-31
• … This paper deals with this process of drastic transformation of livestock economy based on my fieldwork conducted i-n the Obongol Gacha, Hoboto Shara, the Inner Mongolia in 2011.This paper reveals that increasing livestock numbers caused by population growth gave much pressure on grazing fields and resulted in the deterioration of fodder basis. …
• NAID 120005497698

Related Links

• fodderの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

fodderとは。意味や和訳。[名][C][U]1 飼い葉，まぐさ；((おどけて))（人の）食物. ⇒FOOD[類語]2 かき集められた要員[材料]，間に合わせ；((おどけて))（ごみ箱などの）エサ. [動](他)〈家畜に〉飼い葉を与える.[古英語fodder（まぐさ ...

• Fodder | Define Fodder at Dictionary.com

He encourages farmers to bale corn and soybean fodder for feed. Sugar beets were derived directly from fodder beets which are commonly grown for livestock feed. These strangers were impoverished and disease-ridden, easy fodder for the burgeoning coalition of nativists.

• fodderの意味、和訳 - 英和辞典 - コトバンク

[古英語fodder（まぐさ）. FOOD] この辞書の凡例を見る 編集主幹：國廣哲彌、安井稔、堀内克明 編集委員：池上嘉彦、大沼雅彦、米須興文 編集顧問：小西友七 (C) SHOGAKUKAN それぞれの用語は執筆時点での最新のもの ...

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