flatness

n.

平らなこと、平坦。単調、つまらぬこと

WordNet

the property of having little or no contrast; lacking highlights or gloss (同)lusterlessness, lustrelessness, mat, matt, matte
a deficiency in flavor; "it needed lemon juice to sharpen the flatness of the dried lentils"
a want of animation or brilliance; "the almost self-conscious flatness of Hemingways style"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/15 06:21:11」(JST)

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1. レーザー屈折矯正手術 laser refractive surgery

English Journal

Dipolar polarization and piezoelectricity of a hexagonal boron nitride sheet decorated with hydrogen and fluorine.

Noor-A-Alam M1, Kim HJ, Shin YH.Author information 1Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea. hoponpop@ulsan.ac.kr.AbstractIn contrast to graphene, a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer is piezoelectric because it is non-centrosymmetric. However, h-BN shows neither in-plane nor out-of-plane dipole moments due to its three-fold symmetry on the plane and the fact that it is completely flat. Here, we show that the controlled adsorption of hydrogen and/or fluorine atoms on both sides of a pristine h-BN sheet induces flatness distortion in a chair form and an out-of plane dipole moment. In contrast, a boat form has no out-of-plane dipole moment due to the alternating boron and nitrogen positions normal to the plane. Consequently, the chair form of surface-modified h-BN shows both in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric responses; while pristine h-BN and the boat form of decorated h-BN have only in-plane piezoelectric responses. These in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric responses of the modified h-BN are comparable to those in known three-dimensional piezoelectric materials. Such an engineered piezoelectric two-dimensional boron nitride monolayer can be a candidate material for various nano-electromechanical applications.
Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.Phys Chem Chem Phys.2014 Apr 14;16(14):6575-82. doi: 10.1039/c3cp53971g. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
In contrast to graphene, a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer is piezoelectric because it is non-centrosymmetric. However, h-BN shows neither in-plane nor out-of-plane dipole moments due to its three-fold symmetry on the plane and the fact that it is completely flat. Here, we show that the con
PMID 24569610

A novel high-throughput irradiator for in vitro radiation sensitivity bioassays.

Fowler TL1, Fulkerson RK, Micka JA, Kimple RJ, Bednarz BP.Author information 1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705, USA.AbstractThis paper describes the development and characterization of a fully automated in vitro cell irradiator using an electronic brachytherapy source to perform radiation sensitivity bioassays. This novel irradiator allows complex variable dose and dose rate schemes to be delivered to multiple wells of 96-well culture plates used in standard biological assays. The Xoft Axxent® eBx™ was chosen as the x-ray source due to its ability to vary tube current up to 300 µA for a 50 kVp spectrum using clinical surface applicators. Translation of the multiwell plate across the fixed radiation field is achieved using a precision motor driven computer controlled positioning system. A series of measurements was performed to characterize dosimetric performance of the system. Measurements have shown that the radiation output measured with an end window ionization chamber is stable between operating currents of 50-300 µA. In addition, radiochromic film was used to characterize the field flatness and symmetry. The average field flatness in the in-plane and cross-plane direction was 2.9 ±1.0% and 4.0 ±1.7%, respectively. The average symmetry in the in-plane and cross-plane direction was 1.8 ±0.9% and 1.6 ±0.5%, respectively. The optimal focal spot resolution at the cellular plane was determined by measuring sequential irradiations on radiochromic film for three different well spacing schemes. It was determined that the current system can irradiate every other well with negligible impact on the radiation field characteristics. Finally, a performance comparison between this system and a common cabinet irradiator is presented.
Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2014 Mar 21;59(6):1459-70. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/1459. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
This paper describes the development and characterization of a fully automated in vitro cell irradiator using an electronic brachytherapy source to perform radiation sensitivity bioassays. This novel irradiator allows complex variable dose and dose rate schemes to be delivered to multiple wells of 9
PMID 24584120

Flat, rectangular frequency comb generation with tunable bandwidth and frequency spacing.

Preussler S, Wenzel N, Schneider T.AbstractThe generation of flat, rectangular frequency combs with tunable frequency spacing and bandwidth is demonstrated. Therefore, several lines or sidebands are extracted out of an existing frequency comb, for example a femtosecond fiber laser. Subsequently, these lines are processed via two Mach-Zehnder modulators in order to generate a flat frequency comb with tunable frequency spacing. Optical frequency combs with various spacing and a maximum bandwidth of 260 GHz are generated. However, much higher bandwidth can be reached easily. The overall flatness of the generated combs is within 0.6 dB.
Optics letters.Opt Lett.2014 Mar 15;39(6):1637-40. doi: 10.1364/OL.39.001637.
The generation of flat, rectangular frequency combs with tunable frequency spacing and bandwidth is demonstrated. Therefore, several lines or sidebands are extracted out of an existing frequency comb, for example a femtosecond fiber laser. Subsequently, these lines are processed via two Mach-Zehnder
PMID 24690857

Complementary frequency shifter based on polarization modulator used for generation of a high-quality frequency-locked multicarrier.

Li J, Yu C, Li Z.AbstractA novel polarization-modulator-based complementary frequency shifter (PCFS) has been proposed and then used to implement the generation of a frequency-locked multicarrier with single- and dual-recirculating frequency shifting loops, respectively. The transfer functions and output properties of PCFS and PCFS-based multicarrier generator have been studied theoretically. Based on our simulation results through VPItransmissionMaker software, 100 stable carriers have been obtained with acceptable flatness while no DC bias control is required. The results show that the proposed PCFS has the potential to become a commercial product and then used in various scenarios.
Optics letters.Opt Lett.2014 Mar 15;39(6):1513-6. doi: 10.1364/OL.39.001513.
A novel polarization-modulator-based complementary frequency shifter (PCFS) has been proposed and then used to implement the generation of a frequency-locked multicarrier with single- and dual-recirculating frequency shifting loops, respectively. The transfer functions and output properties of PCFS
PMID 24690826

Japanese Journal

平坦群遅延特性を有するFIR Q-shiftフィルタの設計(この論文は研究会登録者以外の方は購入できません)

森原裕晶,張熙
情報処理学会研究報告. [オーディオビジュアル複合情報処理] 2011-AVM-75(25), 1-6, 2011-12-08
双対木複素ウェーブレット変換は,ヒルベルト変換対となる二つの実数ウェーブレット変換から構成され,信号処理や画像処理などに幅広く応用されている.ヒルベルト変換対となるため,それぞれのウェーブレット変換に対応するスケーリングローパスフィルタの遅延差が半サンプルであることが必要である.Q-shift フィルタは,4 分の 1 サンプルの線形位相特性をもち,TreeA の逆時間フィルタを TreeB で用 …
NAID 110008713567

原子レベル平坦化Si表面を用いた紫外光高感度・高信頼性フォトダイオード(2011 International Image Sensor Workshop(IISW)関連およびイメージセンサ一般)

黒田理人,中澤泰希,幸田安真,半澤克彦,須川成利
映像情報メディア学会技術報告 35(47), 25-31, 2011-11-11
紫外光に対する高い感度と,紫外光照射に対して高い安定性・長期信頼性を有する,原子レベル平坦化Si表面を用いたフォトダイオードを試作・評価した.本稿では,(100)面のSi表面の原子レベル平坦化技術,及び表面の原子レベル平坦性を維持可能とする集積化プロセス技術をまとめ,紫外光に対する高感度化と紫外光照射耐性向上の鍵となる,均一かつ極薄な表面光電荷ドリフト層の形成方法とその効果について論じる.
NAID 110008799391

実機規模知能圧延機による圧延荷重分布のリアルタイム推定・制御機能の検証 : 新型式知能圧延機の開発第2報

小川茂,山田健二,白石利幸,東田康宏,左田野豊,小林清,塩見直樹,林寛治,佐古彰,松田裕,池本裕二,古元秀昭
塑性と加工 52(609), 1099-1103, 2011-10-25
NAID 10029483831

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How to Evaluate Flatness in GD&T - BuildIT The tolerance zone of flatness Thickness, Parallelism and Flatness. Control Frame: To control the flatness Flatness and parallelism are never The flatness control may be inspected as Flatness & Camber Allowances

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