鞭毛虫、鞭毛藻、鞭毛状の

関: euglenoid、Mastigophora、mastigote

WordNet

whip; "The religious fanatics flagellated themselves" (同)scourge
a usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some are pathogens of humans and other animals (同)flagellate protozoan, flagellated protozoan, mastigophoran, mastigophore
having or resembling a lash or whip (as does a flagellum) (同)flagellated, whiplike, lash-like
marine and freshwater green or colorless flagellate organism (同)euglenophyte, euglenid
protozoa having flagella (同)class Mastigophora, Flagellata, class Flagellata
unicellular organisms having many characteristics of typical algae
any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum
having two flagella; "a biflagellate zoospore"

PrepTutorEJDIC

鞭毛(べんもう)のある;鞭毛状の / …‘を'むち打つ
flagellumの複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/08 14:16:36」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

"Flagellata" from Encyclopædia Britannica

"Flagellata" from Ernst Haeckel's Artforms of Nature, 1904

Parasitic excavate (Giardia lamblia)

Green alga (Chlamydomonas)

A flagellate is an organism with one or more whip-like organelles called flagella. Some cells in animals may be flagellate, for instance the spermatozoa of most phyla. Flowering plants do not produce flagellate cells, but ferns, mosses, green algae, some gymnosperms and other closely related plants do. Likewise, most fungi do not produce cells with flagellae, but the primitive fungal chytrids do. Many protists take the form of single-celled flagellates.

The word flagellate describes a particular construction of eukaryotic organism and its means of motion. The term does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagellae. However, the term "flagellate" is included in other terms (such as "dinoflagellate" and "zooflagellate") which often are more formally characterized.^[1]

Form and behavior

Eukaryotic flagella are supported by microtubules in a characteristic arrangement, with nine fused pairs surrounding two central singlets. These arise from a basal body. In some flagellates, flagella direct food into a cytostome or mouth, where food is ingested. Flagella often support hairs, called mastigonemes, or contain rods. Their ultrastructure plays an important role in classifying eukaryotes.

In protoctists and microscopic animals, a flagellate is an organism with one or more whip-like organelles called flagella. Some cells in animals may be flagellate, for instance the spermatozoa of most phyla. Flowering plants do not produce flagellate cells, but ferns, mosses, green algae, some gymnosperms and other closely related plants do. Likewise, most fungi do not produce cells with flagellae, but the primitive fungal chytrids do. Many protists take the form of single-celled flagellates.

Flagella are generally used for propulsion. They may also be used to create a current that brings in food. In most things, one or more flagella are located at or near the anterior of the cell e.g. Euglena. Often there is one directed forwards and one trailing behind. Among animals, fungi, and Choanozoa, which make up a group called the opisthokonts, there is a single posterior flagellum. They are from the phylum Mastigophora. They can cause diseases and they can make their own food. They reproduce by binary fission.They spend most of their existence moving or feeding. Many parasites that affect human health or economy are flagellates. Flagellates are the major consumers of primary and secondary production in aquatic ecosystems - consuming bacteria and other protists.

Flagellata or Mastigophora

In older classifications, some protozoa were grouped in Flagellata (or Mastigophora), sometimes divided in Phytoflagellata (Phytomastigina) and Zooflagellata (Zoomastigina). They were sometimes grouped with Sarcodina (ameboids) in Sarcomastigophora.

Modern classifications place these example genera into the following groups (see Kudo system):

Genera	Classification	Older classification
Multicilia, Mastigamoeba, Phalansterium	Amoebozoa	Zoomastigina
Ancyromonas	Apusozoa	Zoomastigina
Cercomonas	Rhizaria	Zoomastigina
Trypanosoma, Bodo, Oxymonas, Giardia, Trichomonas	Excavata	Zoomastigina
Bicosoeca	Chromalveolata > Heterokontophyta > Bicosoecea	Zoomastigina
Salpingoeca, Codosiga	Opisthokonta > Choanoflagellata	Zoomastigina
Cryptomonas	Chromalveolata > Cryptophyta	Phytomastigina
Pontosphaera	Chromalveolata > Haptophyta	Phytomastigina
Chromulina, Synura	Chromalveolata > Heterokontophyta	Phytomastigina
Prorocentrum, Peridinium	Chromalveolata > Alveolata > Dinophyta	Phytomastigina
Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Nephroselmis	Archaeplastida > Viridiplantae > Chlorophyta	Phytomastigina
Euglena	Excavata > Euglenozoa	Phytomastigina

References

^ Cavalier-Smith T (1995). "Zooflagellate phylogeny and classification". Tsitologiia 37 (11): 1010–29. PMID 8868448.

External links

Wikispecies has information related to: Protista

Flagellata at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
The Flagellates. Unity, diversity and evolution. Ed.: Barry S. C. Leadbeater and J. C. Green Taylor and Francis, London 2000.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Genetic diversity of Diplomonadida in fish of the genus Coregonus from Southeastern Siberia.

Denikina N, Nebesnykh I, Maikova O, Dzyuba E, Belkova N.
Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland.Acta Parasitol.2016 Jun 1;61(2):299-306. doi: 10.1515/ap-2016-0040.
Diplomonadida are primitive flagellate protozoa, among which both commensals and pathogens have been recorded. To date, members of the genera Hexamita and Spironucleus have been reported in the digestive system of fish in the Baikal region. We determined the genetic diversity of Diplomonadida in fis
PMID 27078653

Bleomycin induced flagellate erythema in a patient with thalamic mixed germ cell tumour: Report of a rare adverse effect.

Biswas A1, Julka PK2.
Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.J Egypt Natl Canc Inst.2016 Jun;28(2):129-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jnci.2016.04.002. Epub 2016 Apr 19.
Bleomycin induced flagellate dermatitis is an uncommon and unique adverse effect. With the declining use of bleomycin, this complication is becoming increasingly infrequent in day-to-day clinical practice. We herein describe a case of a 13year old male patient with left thalamic mixed germ cell tumo
PMID 27106629

Bleomycin-induced flagellate erythema in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma - A case report and review of literature.

Vennepureddy A1, Siddique MN2, Odaimi M2, Terjanian T2.
Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners.J Oncol Pharm Pract.2016 Jun;22(3):556-60. doi: 10.1177/1078155215580468. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
Bleomycin is a glycopeptide used as a chemotherapeutic agent for lymphomas, germ cell tumors, and pleurodesis of malignant pleural effusions. The pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin is well known while the cutaneous side effects are uncommon and varies from generalized hyperpigmentation, sclerodermoid c
PMID 25855241

Efficient selective breeding of live oil-rich Euglena gracilis with fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

Yamada K1, Suzuki H1, Takeuchi T1, Kazama Y2, Mitra S1, Abe T2, Goda K3,4,5, Suzuki K1, Iwata O1.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 May 23;6:26327. doi: 10.1038/srep26327.
Euglena gracilis, a microalgal species of unicellular flagellate protists, has attracted much attention in both the industrial and academic sectors due to recent advances in the mass cultivation of E. gracilis that have enabled the cost-effective production of nutritional food and cosmetic commoditi
PMID 27212384

Japanese Journal

原生動物の捕食挙動解析を目的とした被食細菌への蛍光タンパク質遺伝子の導入

土木学会論文集G（環境） 71(4), 143-151, 2015
NAID 130005114800

Population Structure of Endomicrobia in Single Host Cells of Termite Gut Flagellates (Trichonympha spp.)

Microbes and Environments 30(1), 92-98, 2015
NAID 130005061712

Population Structure of Endomicrobia in Single Host Cells of Termite Gut Flagellates (Trichonympha spp.)

Microbes and Environments advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130004838297

有明海,八代海,及び鹿児島湾の海底泥中における有害赤潮ラフィド藻Heterosigma akashiwoのシストの分布

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 64(3), 89-103, 2014-12
NAID 120005517712

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鞭毛虫」「euglenoid」「鞭毛虫類」「Mastigophora」「mastigote」
拡張検索	「flagellate erythema」「dinoflagellate」
関連記事	「flagellated」