fixedness

　

WordNet

1. the quality of being fixed and unchangeable; "the fixedness of his gaze upset her" (同)unalterability

English Journal

• Facilitating Representation Change in Insight Problems Through Training.

• Patrick J, Ahmed A.AbstractOur aim in this article is to elaborate the role of training in representational change theory (RCT), particularly in terms of Ohlsson's (2011) spread of activation explanation (named redistribution theory), and to develop novel training manipulations that effect the re-encoding mechanism proposed by RCT (Ohlsson, 1992). Two experiments are reported that aim to help solve verbal insight problems and to enable some constraint to be relaxed. In Experiment 1, participants were trained to use heuristics to solve unseen problems from the same category that shared the same representational obstacle, namely, ambiguous word and ambiguous name problems. Concurrent verbal protocols were collected and analyzed in terms of the hypotheses proposed by participants. Training improved solution rate of unseen problems from the trained categories and, as expected, positive transfer was specific to the trained category of problem. Analysis of the incorrect hypotheses proposed during problem solving provided supplementary evidence of the effectiveness of training at inducing representation change. In Experiment 2, a similar approach to training was developed to help solve functional fixedness problems. Solution rate increased with training, although transfer was specific to the trained category of problem. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).
• Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn.2013 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print]
• Our aim in this article is to elaborate the role of training in representational change theory (RCT), particularly in terms of Ohlsson's (2011) spread of activation explanation (named redistribution theory), and to develop novel training manipulations that effect the re-encoding mechanism proposed b
• PMID 24059858

• The dual nature of tools and their makeover.

• Rizzo A.Author information Department of Communication Science, Università di Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy. rizzo@unisi.itAbstractVaesen argues that functional knowledge differentiates humans from non-human primates. However, the rationale he provides for this position is open to question--with respect to both the underlying theoretical assumptions and inferences drawn from certain empirical studies. Indeed, there is some recent empirical work that suggests that functional fixedness is not necessarily uniquely human. I also question the central role of stable function representations in Vaesen's account of tool production and use.
• The Behavioral and brain sciences.Behav Brain Sci.2012 Aug;35(4):239-40. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X11002135. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
• Vaesen argues that functional knowledge differentiates humans from non-human primates. However, the rationale he provides for this position is open to question--with respect to both the underlying theoretical assumptions and inferences drawn from certain empirical studies. Indeed, there is some rece
• PMID 22697805

• Innovation relies on the obscure: a key to overcoming the classic problem of functional fixedness.

• McCaffrey T.Author information University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA. amccaffr@psych.umass.eduAbstractA recent analysis of real-world problems that led to historic inventions and insight problems that are used in psychology experiments suggests that during innovative problem solving, individuals discover at least one infrequently noticed or new (i.e., obscure) feature of the problem that can be used to reach a solution. This observation suggests that research uncovering aspects of the human semantic, perceptual, and motor systems that inhibit the noticing of obscure features would enable researchers to identify effective techniques to overcome those obstacles. As a critical step in this research program, this study showed that the generic-parts technique can help people unearth the types of obscure features that can be used to overcome functional fixedness, which is a classic inhibitor to problem solving. Subjects trained on this technique solved on average 67% more problems than a control group did. By devising techniques that facilitate the noticing of obscure features in order to overcome impediments to problem solving (e.g., design fixation), researchers can systematically create a tool kit of innovation-enhancing techniques.
• Psychological science.Psychol Sci.2012 Mar;23(3):215-8. doi: 10.1177/0956797611429580. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
• A recent analysis of real-world problems that led to historic inventions and insight problems that are used in psychology experiments suggests that during innovative problem solving, individuals discover at least one infrequently noticed or new (i.e., obscure) feature of the problem that can be used
• PMID 22318998

Japanese Journal

• The Grass Harpのトポグラフィー -異人としてのDolly Talbo

• 中山 喜満
• 大阪音楽大学研究紀要 (52), 31-42, 2014-03-01
• Truman Capoteの小説The Grass Harpに描かれる様々な空間の属性は、その場所に移動して滞在する登場人物たちの属性と密接に関わっている。例えば、Talbo家の住まいにある屋根裏部屋は、中心としてのVerena Talboの部屋とは対照的に周縁的な空間に位置している。同様に、家を出て行ったDolly TalboとCollin Fenwick、Catherine Creekが避難す …
• NAID 110009839193

• 学童保育施設におけるゾーンのつくりと児童の遊び様態の関係性についての事例的考察

• 山田 あすか,渡邊 佐帆
• 日本建築学会技術報告集 17(35), 271-276, 2011
• … In the analysis, the attention was paid to "place factors: area size of zones, the zones' spatial characteristics, and fixedness of children's playing place", "playing factors: kind of playing and fixedness of it", and "playmate factors: group of playmate, size of the group." And we analyzed the relationship between children's aspects of playing and the zones' spatial characteristics through breaking the children's aspects of playing down into patterns. …
• NAID 130004507096

• 数学教育における創造的思考の活性化に関する研究 : 問題解決における思考の一時的滞留について

• 秋田 美代,齋藤 昇
• 数学教育学研究 : 全国数学教育学会誌 17(2), 55-63, 2011
• … As a result, we found that the learners have functional fixedness in the mathematics problem solving. …
• NAID 110009616210

Related Links

• fixednessの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

fixednessとは。意味や和訳。[名][U]定着，固着，固定；定着性，凝固性. ⇒fixed - goo辞書は国語、英和、和英、中国語、百科事典等からまとめて探せる辞書検索サービスです。

• Fixedness | Define Fixedness at Dictionary.com

Fixedness definition, fastened, attached, or placed so as to be firm and not readily movable; firmly implanted; stationary; rigid. See more. Added to Favorites Dictionary Thesaurus Word Dynamo Quotes Reference Translator Log In ...