凝視点、固視点

WordNet

mark with diacritics; "point the letter"
a very small circular shape; "a row of points"; "draw lines between the dots" (同)dot
an instant of time; "at that point I had to leave" (同)point in time
repair the joints of bricks; "point a chimney" (同)repoint
a V shape; "the cannibals teeth were filed to sharp points" (同)tip, peak
a linear unit used to measure the size of type; approximately 1/72 inch
a style in speech or writing that arrests attention and has a penetrating or convincing quality or effect
one percent of the total principal of a loan; it is paid at the time the loan is made and is independent of the interest on the loan
the unit of counting in scoring a game or contest; "he scored 20 points in the first half"; "a touchdown counts 6 points"
the gun muzzles direction; "he held me up at the point of a gun" (同)gunpoint
the property of a shape that tapers to a sharp tip (同)pointedness
a wall socket (同)power_point
an outstanding characteristic; "his acting was one of the high points of the movie" (同)spot
a distinguishing or individuating characteristic; "he knows my bad points as well as my good points"
sharp end; "he stuck the point of the knife into a tree"; "he broke the point of his pencil"
a V-shaped mark at one end of an arrow pointer; "the point of the arrow was due north" (同)head
a brief version of the essential meaning of something; "get to the point"; "he missed the point of the joke"; "life has lost its point"
a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
a promontory extending out into a large body of water; "they sailed south around the point"
the object of an activity; "what is the point of discussing it?"
the precise location of something; a spatially limited location; "she walked to a point where she could survey the whole street"
be positionable in a specified manner; "The gun points with ease"
indicate the presence of (game) by standing and pointing with the muzzle; "the dog pointed the dead duck"
mark (a psalm text) to indicate the points at which the music changes
mark (Hebrew words) with diacritics
(histology) the preservation and hardening of a tissue sample to retain as nearly as possible the same relations they had in the living body (同)fixing
the activity of fastening something firmly in position
having a point
direct and obvious in meaning or reference; often unpleasant; "a pointed critique"; "a pointed allusion to what was going on"; "another pointed look in their direction"
Hawaiian dish of taro root pounded to a paste and often allowed to ferment

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(針・鉛筆・剣などの)『とがった先』,(…の)先端《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉岬(みさき) / 〈C〉(小数点・句読点などの)点 / 〈C〉(図形上の)点 / 〈C〉(ある特定の)『地点』(spot),場所(place) / 〈C〉(計器の目盛りなどの)『点』,『度』 / 〈C〉時点,瞬間 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(物語・議論などの)『要点』,核心《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)『目的』,『意義』,ねらっている点《+『of』(『in』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉(全体の中の)個々の項目,細目(item),細部(detail) / 〈C〉特徴(characteristic),特質(trait) / 〈C〉(競技・学校の成績などの)得点 / 〈C〉ポイント(活字の大きさの単位;約1/72インチの大きさ) / (…に)〈銃・指など〉‘を'『向ける』《+『名』+『at』(『to, toward』)+『名』》 / …‘に'『指し示す』《point+名+to+名…に…をさし示す》 / …‘の'先をとがらせる,‘に'先を付ける / …‘に'点を打つ;…‘に'小数点を付ける;…‘に'句読点を付ける / 〈猟犬が〉〈獲物〉‘を'指し示す / (…を)(指などで)『示す』,指し示す《+『at』(『to, toward』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈猟犬が〉獲物の位置を示す
固定,固着 / (…に対する)愛着,執着《+『on』+『名』》 / (写真のネガの)定着;(染料の)色留め
『先のとがった』,鋭い / (皮肉など)痛烈な,しんらつな / (ある目標に)向けられた,(はっきりと特定の人に)向けられた,当てこすりの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/07/22 17:22:21」(JST)

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Eye focusing ideally collects all light rays from a point on an object into a corresponding point on the retina.

Demonstration of photography focus to different distances : Bamboo rooftop

An image that is partially in focus, but mostly out of focus in varying degrees

In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is the point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.^[1] Although the focus is conceptually a point, physically the focus has a spatial extent, called the blur circle. This non-ideal focusing may be caused by aberrations of the imaging optics. In the absence of significant aberrations, the smallest possible blur circle is the Airy disc, which is caused by diffraction from the optical system's aperture. Aberrations tend to get worse as the aperture diameter increases, while the Airy circle is smallest for large apertures.

An image, or image point or region, is in focus if light from object points is converged almost as much as possible in the image, and out of focus if light is not well converged. The border between these is sometimes defined using a circle of confusion criterion.

A principal focus or focal point is a special focus:

For a lens, or a spherical or parabolic mirror, it is a point onto which collimated light parallel to the axis is focused. Since light can pass through a lens in either direction, a lens has two focal points—one on each side. The distance in air from the lens or mirror's principal plane to the focus is called the focal length.
Elliptical mirrors have two focal points: light that passes through one of these before striking the mirror is reflected such that it passes through the other.
The focus of a hyperbolic mirror is either of two points which have the property that light from one is reflected as if it came from the other.

Diverging (negative) lenses and convex mirrors do not focus a collimated beam to a point. Instead, the focus is the point from which the light appears to be emanating, after it travels through the lens or reflects from the mirror. A convex parabolic mirror will reflect a beam of collimated light to make it appear as if it were radiating from the focal point, or conversely, reflect rays directed toward the focus as a collimated beam. A convex elliptical mirror will reflect light directed towards one focus as if it were radiating from the other focus, both of which are behind the mirror. A convex hyperbolic mirror will reflect rays emanating from the focal point in front of the mirror as if they were emanating from the focal point behind the mirror. Conversely, it can focus rays directed at the focal point that is behind the mirror towards the focal point that is in front of the mirror as in a Cassegrain telescope.

References

^ "Standard Microscopy Terminology". University of Minnesota Characterization Facility website. Archived from the original on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2006-04-21.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨転移、多発性骨髄腫、およびリンパ腫における完全および切迫病的骨折の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of complete and impending pathologic fractures in patients with metastatic bone disease multiple myeloma and lymphoma
2. 同名半盲 homonymous hemianopia
3. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
4. 小児における前腕骨骨幹部骨折 midshaft forearm fractures in children
5. 核間性眼筋麻痺 internuclear ophthalmoparesis

English Journal

Deltoid-split or Deltopectoral Approaches for the Treatment of Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures?

Buecking B1, Mohr J, Bockmann B, Zettl R, Ruchholtz S.Author information 1Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Giessen and Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany, buecking@med.uni-marburg.de.AbstractBACKGROUND: Proximal humeral fractures are mainly associated with osteoporosis and are becoming more common with the aging of our society. The best surgical approach for internal fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures is still being debated.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2014 May;472(5):1576-85. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3415-7. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
BACKGROUND: Proximal humeral fractures are mainly associated with osteoporosis and are becoming more common with the aging of our society. The best surgical approach for internal fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures is still being debated.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: In this prospective randomize
PMID 24326593

In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of 3.5 String of Pearl Plate Fixation to 3.5 Locking Compression Plate Fixation in a Canine Fracture Gap Model.

Malenfant RC1, Sod GA.Author information 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To compare the 3.5 string of pearls (SOP) plate with a 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) using a fracture model in static loading and cyclic fatigue testing.
Veterinary surgery : VS.Vet Surg.2014 Apr 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12095.x. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To compare the 3.5 string of pearls (SOP) plate with a 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) using a fracture model in static loading and cyclic fatigue testing.STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical testing of paired tibias with a mid-diaphyseal ostectomy, stabilized by 1 of 2 locking s
PMID 24720361

Spatial and foveal biases, not perceived mass or heaviness, explain the effect of target size on representational momentum and representational gravity.

De Sá Teixeira N, Oliveira AM.AbstractThe spatial memory for the last position occupied by a moving target is usually displaced forward in the direction of motion. Interpreted as a mental analogue of physical momentum, this phenomenon was coined representational momentum (RM). As momentum is given by the product of an object's velocity and mass, both these factors came to be under scrutiny in RM studies, the goal being to provide support for the internalization hypothesis. Although velocity was found to determine RM's magnitude, possible effects of mass were more elusive. Recently, an effect of target size on RM was reported, adding to previous findings that bigger targets were more mislocalized downward in the direction of gravity (via perceived heaviness and representational gravity; RG). The aim in the present research was to test that those outcomes reflect an internalization of momentum by excluding oculomotor factors. The results showed that an effect of target size, when it emerged, could be accounted for by a foveal bias such that bigger targets were more displaced toward gaze than were smaller ones. Specific contingencies between eye movements and target size seem to account for previous reports regarding the alleged effects of perceived mass on both RM and RG. This phenomenon seems furthermore to be modulated by the presence of other visual elements (fixation point) and the range of target velocities. These outcomes are taken as a rebuttal to the claim that cognitive analogues of mass or heaviness are responsible for previously reported effects of target size on both RM and RG. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn.2014 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
The spatial memory for the last position occupied by a moving target is usually displaced forward in the direction of motion. Interpreted as a mental analogue of physical momentum, this phenomenon was coined representational momentum (RM). As momentum is given by the product of an object's velocity
PMID 24707781

Japanese Journal

環境調和型環状カーボネート合成を志向した触媒反応系の構築

中村巧,岡田めぐみ,白川誠司
有機合成化学協会誌 77(8), 791-799, 2019
… From a different point of view, however, CO<sub>2</sub> … fixation under mild reaction conditions. …
NAID 130007689061

Journal of Osaka Dental University

YASUI Yuka,TANAKA Junko,KAKUDO Masaki,NAKAJIMA Toshiki,KASHIWAGI Kousuke,TANAKA Masahiro
Journal of Osaka Dental University 53(1), 81-88, 2019
… Then they ate the test foods freely within 10 min. We analyzed the total number of gaze point fixations, the total gaze point fixation time, the amount of food intake, preference level details, and the correlation between the total number of gaze point fixations and the total the gaze point fixation time were analyzed. …
NAID 130007682964

日本補綴歯科学会雑誌

Yasui Yuka,Tanaka Junko,Kakudo Masaki,Tanaka Masahiro
Journal of Prosthodontic Research 63(2), 210-215, 2019
… And they ate test foods freely within 10 min. The gazing point was measured for 10 s from the time when the food was ordered and just before the eating. … The number of gaze point fixations and the total gaze point fixation time of the viewpoint during 10 s just before eating were analyzed. …
NAID 130007655319