fireguard

　

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1. (炉の前の)囲い金網,ストーブ囲い(fender)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/04/25 10:30:59」(JST)

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Vintage decorative fire screen, circa 1950s

Modern black metal and mesh fire screen

A fire screen sheet began as a form of furniture that acted as a shield between the occupants of a room and the fireplace, and its primary function was to reduce the discomfort of excessive heat from a log fire. Early firescreens were generally shaped as flat panels standing on attached feet, or as adjustable shield-shaped panels mounted on tripod table legs.

Firescreens in the modern home have become decorative shields of sheet metal, glass, or wire mesh that can be placed in front of a fireplace opening to protect the room from open flames and flying embers that may be emitted by the fire.

Fire screens were used to cover the fireplace when nothing was burning inside it, and make it look more decorative.

Types of fire screen

The three-panel fire screen, which covers the fireplace almost completely, has two side panels angled away from the central panel. It is an effective way of providing decoration in a room.

The horse screen, or cheval screen (cheval is the French word for horse) was in common use from the 18th century. It is a wide screen having two feet on each side, the arrangement of the feet giving the screen its name. Placed in front of the unused fireplace, the decorated screen improves the appearance of a room. Screens are decorated with embroidery, papier maché, painted wood or perhaps stained glass; the frame and feet might be carved.

The pole screen also began to appear in the 18th century. It is a smaller screen placed on a vertical pole which is mounted on a tripod; placed between a lit fire and an occupant of the room, the screen can be adjusted up or down to shield the person's face from the heat. The screen might be rectangular or a more decorous shape, and is decorated perhaps with embroidery, lacquer or paint.

The banner screen is similar to a pole screen; instead of a solid screen there is a loose piece of silk or embroidery, weighted with tassels on the lower edge; like a banner, it is supported from the top edge by a crossbar connected to a pole.

Some antique fire screens

• French fire screen, 1787

• Pole fire screen, Massachusetts, about 1780

• Fire screen of about 1880, with brocaded silk and gilded wood

English Journal

• Community-based preparedness programmes and the 2009 Australian bushfires: policy implications derived from applying theory.

• MacDougall C, Gibbs L, Clark R.
• Disasters. 2014 Apr;38(2)249-66.
• The Victorian Country Fire Authority in Australia runs the Community Fireguard (CFG) programme to assist individuals and communities in preparing for fire. The objective of this qualitative research was to understand the impact of CFG groups on their members' fire preparedness and response during th
• PMID 24601916

• Public engagement in neighbourhood level wildfire mitigation and preparedness: case studies from Canada, the US and Australia.

• , M M, T T, T T, .
• Journal of environmental management. 2011 Oct;92(10)2524-32.
• This study examined neighbourhood level wildfire mitigation programs being implemented in neighbourhoods in Canada (FireSmart-ForestWise), Australia (Community Fireguard) and the US (Firewise Communities). Semi-structured interviews were completed with 19 residents participating in the programs. A w
• PMID 21684061

• Inhalation exposure to jet fuel (JP8) among U.S. Air Force personnel.

• Smith KW, Proctor SP, Ozonoff A, McClean MD.
• Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene. 2010 Oct;7(10)563-72.
• As jet fuel is a common occupational exposure among military and civilian populations, this study was conducted to characterize jet fuel (JP8) exposure among active duty U.S. Air Force personnel. Personnel (n = 24) were divided a priori into high, moderate, and low exposure groups. Questionnaires an
• PMID 20694886

Japanese Journal

• 放牧牛を用いた火入れ草地の防火帯作り

• 高橋 佳孝,米屋 宏志,大滝 典雄
• 日本草地学会誌 49(4), 406-412, 2003
• NAID 110003849626

• 1-13 ススキ型草地における放牧牛を用いた防火帯作りの成果

• 高橋 佳孝,内藤 和明,津田 智,周 進,井出 保行,小林 英和,佐藤 節郎
• 日本草地学会誌 48(Separate), 26-27, 2002
• NAID 110003850879

• 74 防火帯草生管理への放牧牛の活用

• 高橋 佳孝,内藤 和明,周 進
• 雑草研究. 別号, 講演会講演要旨 (39), 160-161, 2000-04-20
• NAID 110003889314

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