fibromodulin

Fibromodulin
Identifiers
Symbols	FMOD ; FM; SLRR2E
External IDs	OMIM: 600245 MGI: 1328364 HomoloGene: 1530 GeneCards: FMOD Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • proteinaceous extracellular matrix; • extracellular space; • Golgi lumen; • extracellular matrix; • lysosomal lumen;
Biological process	• carbohydrate metabolic process; • transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly; • keratan sulfate biosynthetic process; • extracellular matrix organization; • glycosaminoglycan metabolic process; • keratan sulfate metabolic process; • keratan sulfate catabolic process; • small molecule metabolic process;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/06 11:29:38」(JST)

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Fibromodulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMOD gene.^[1]^[2]

Fibromodulin is a 42kDa protein of a family of small interstitial leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs). It can have up to four N-linked keratan sulfate chains attached to the core protein within the leucine-rich region. It shares significant sequence homology with biglycan and decorin.^[3]

Function

Fibromodulin participates in the assembly of the collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix. It binds to the same site on the collagen type I molecule as lumican.^[4] It also inhibits fibrillogenesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in vitro.^[5]^[6] It regulates TGF-beta activities by sequestering TGF-beta into the extracellular matrix.^[2]

Clinical significance

There is an age-dependent decline in the synthesis of keratan sulfate chains, so non-glycated forms of fibromodulin can accumulate in tissues such as cartilage.^[7]

Fibromodulin is found in the epidermis of human skin and is expressed by skin cells (keratinocytes) in culture. Mice with the gene for fibromodulin knocked out (Fmod-/-) have very fragile skin^[8] and abnormal tail and Achilles tendons.^[9] The collagen fiber bundles in these tendons are fewer and disorganised and there is less endotenon surrounding the tendon tissue. The levels of lumican, a SLRP with one of the same collagen binding sites as fibromodulin, is increased 4 fold in the tail tendons of the Fmod-knockout mice.

References

^ Sztrolovics R, Chen XN, Grover J, Roughley PJ, Korenberg JR (Mar 1995). "Localization of the human fibromodulin gene (FMOD) to chromosome 1q32 and completion of the cDNA sequence". Genomics 23 (3): 715–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1567. PMID 7851907.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: FMOD fibromodulin".
^ Antonsson P, Heinegård D, Oldberg A (1993). "Structure and deduced amino acid sequence of the human fibromodulin gene". Biochim Biophys Acta 1174 (2): 204–6. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90117-V. PMID 8357838.
^ Halper J (2014). "Proteoglycans and diseases of soft tissues". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 802: 49–58. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7893-1_4. PMID 24443020.
^ Ezura Y, Chakravarti S, Oldberg A, Chervoneva I, Birk DE (2000). "Differential expression of lumican and fibromodulin regulate collagen fibrillogenesis in developing mouse tendons". J. Cell Biol. 151 (4): 779–88. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.4.779. PMID 11076963.
^ Kalamajski S, Oldberg A (2007). "Fibromodulin binds collagen type I via Glu-353 and Lys-355 in leucine-rich repeat 11.". J Biol Chem 282 (37): 26740–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M704026200. PMID 17623650.
^ Roughley PJ, White RJ, Cs-Szabo G, Mort JS (1996). "Changes with age in the structure of fibromodulin in human articular cartilage". Osteoarthritis Cartilage 4: 153–61. doi:10.1016/s1063-4584(96)80011-2. PMID 8895216.
^ Smith MM, Melrose J (2015). "Proteoglycans in normal and healing skin". Adv Wound Care 4 (3): 152–73. doi:10.1089/wound.2013.0464. PMID 25785238.
^ Juneja SC, Veillette C (2013). "Defects in tendon, ligament, and enthesis in response to genetic alterations in key proteoglycans and glycoproteins: a review". Arthritis 2013: 154812. doi:10.1155/2013/154812. PMID 24324885.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans associated with mature insoluble elastin serve as binding sites for galectins.

Itoh A1, Nonaka Y2, Ogawa T2, Nakamura T2, Nishi N1.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.2017 Nov;81(11):2098-2104. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1374828. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
PMID 28958189

Structural and functional analysis of two small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans, fibromodulin and chondroadherin.

Paracuellos P1, Kalamajski S2, Bonna A3, Bihan D3, Farndale RW3, Hohenester E4.
Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology.Matrix Biol.2017 Nov;63:106-116. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
PMID 28215822

Spatiotemporal variations in gene expression, histology and biomechanics in an ovine model of tendinopathy.

Biasutti S1, Dart A1, Smith M2,3, Blaker C3,4, Clarke E3,4, Jeffcott L1, Little C2,3.
PloS one.PLoS One.2017 Oct 12;12(10):e0185282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185282. eCollection 2017.
PMID 29023489

Japanese Journal

Regulation of Tenomodulin Expression Via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Equine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

MIYABARA Shihori,YUDA Yohei,KASASHIMA Yoshinori,KUWANO Atsutoshi,ARAI Katsuhiko
Journal of Equine Science 25(1), 7-13, 2014
… Additionally, BIO strongly enhanced expression of type XIV collagen in collagen-embedded BMSCs up to the level in the tendon, and other tendon-related extracellular matrix components such as decorin and fibromodulin were also upregulated. …
NAID 130004840488

Small leucine-rich proteoglycans, decorin and fibromodulin, are reduced in postburn hypertrophic scar

HONARDOUST Dariush,VARKEY Mathew,HORI Keijiro,DING Jie,SHANKOWSKY Heather A.,TREDGET Edward E.
Wound repair and regeneration 19(3), 368-378, 2011-05-01
NAID 10031181752

Expression of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in the Developing Retina and Kainic Acid-Induced Retinopathy in ICR Mice

Ali Safwat Ali Mohamed,Hosaka Yoshinao Z.,Uehara Masato
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 73(4), 439-445, 2011
… The aim of this study was to determine the developmental changes of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (PGs), decorin, biglycan and fibromodulin, in ICR mouse retinas and to elucidate their role in the adult retina using kainic acid (KA)-induced retinal degeneration model. … Decorin-and fibromodulin-immunostainings were diffusely distributed at prenatal and early postnatal stages and were stronger in the adult retina. …
NAID 130000444503