WordNet

muscular twitching involving individual muscle fibers acting without coordination
act or process of forming fibrils

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/08/27 07:03:00」(JST)

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Fibrillation is the rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers. An important occurrence is with regard to the heart.

Cardiology

There are two major classes of cardiac fibrillation: atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of atria. It can be a chronic condition, usually treated with anticoagulation and sometimes with conversion to normal sinus rhythm. In this condition the normal electrical pulses coming from the sinoatrial node are overwhelmed by disorganized electrical impulses usually originating in the roots of the pulmonary veins, leading to irregular conduction of impulses to the ventricles which generate the heartbeat.
Ventricular fibrillation is an irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of ventricles. It is a common cause of cardiac arrest and is usually fatal if not reversed by defibrillation.

Fibrillation may sometimes be used after heart surgery to stop the heart from beating while any minor leaks are stitched up.

Musculoskeletal

Fibrillation also occurs with individual skeletal muscle fibers.^[1] This happens when muscle fibers lose contact with their innervating axon producing a spontaneous action potential, "fibrillation potential" that results in the muscle fiber's contraction. These contractions are not visible under the skin and are detectable through needle electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound.^[2] Fibrillations can occur in healthy individuals. If the fibrillations have irregular potentials then they don't have pathological significance.^[3] In other cases they are a major symptom in acute and severe peripheral nerve disorders, in myopathies in which muscle fibers are split or inflamed, and in lower motor neuron lesions.

They contrast with fasciculations that are visible spontaneous contractions involving small groups of muscle fibers. Fasciculations can be seen in lower motor neuron lesions as well, but they also do not necessarily denote pathology.

Name

The word fibrillation (/ˌfɪbrɪlˈeɪʃən/) is related to the word fibril in the sense of muscle fibrils, the proteins that make up each muscle fiber (muscle cell).

References

^ "fibrillation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Pillen S, Nienhuis M, van Dijk JP, Arts IM, van Alfen N, Zwarts MJ (2009). "Muscles alive: ultrasound detects fibrillations". Clin Neurophysiol. 120 (5): 932–6. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.01.016. PMID 19356976.
^ Stöhr M (1977). "Benign fibrillation potentials in normal muscle and their correlation with endplate and denervation potentials". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 40: 765–8. doi:10.1136/jnnp.40.8.765. PMC 492832 . PMID 925696.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心房細動の概要 overview of atrial fibrillation
2. 心房細動：塞栓予防のための抗血栓治療 atrial fibrillation anticoagulant therapy to prevent embolization
3. 心房細動における心拍数のコントロール：薬理療法 control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation pharmacologic therapy
4. 新規発症した心房細動のマネージメント management of new onset atrial fibrillation
5. 心房細動の疫学および危険因子 epidemiology of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation

English Journal

Preclinical modeling and multimodality imaging of chronic myocardial infarction in minipigs induced by novel interventional embolization technique.

Tao B1,2, Gao H2, Zheng M3, Luo Z3, Liu L4, Bai W4, Wang J5, Liu D5, Ma S2, Luo Z2, Gao L1, Wang Y1, Cao F6.
EJNMMI research.EJNMMI Res.2016 Dec;6(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s13550-016-0214-7. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to establish a chronic myocardial infarction (MI) model in minipigs with a novel coronary sequential balloons-sponge embolism technique.METHODS: Eighteen healthy minipigs (25-30 kg) were randomly divided into three groups for left anterior descending artery (LAD)
PMID 27393423

Serum proteomics as a strategy to identify novel biomarkers of neurologic recovery after cardiac arrest: a feasibility study.

Boyd JG1,2,3, Smithson LJ4, Howes D5, Muscedere J5, Kawaja MD6; Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group.
Intensive care medicine experimental.Intensive Care Med Exp.2016 Dec;4(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40635-016-0084-3. Epub 2016 May 10.
BACKGROUND: Serum biomarkers may play a role in prognostication after cardiac arrest. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) as a proteomic strategy to identify novel biomarkers that may predict neuro
PMID 27165192