WordNet

associated with or divided into zones; "a zonal pattern of cell structure"; "zonal division"
relating to or of the nature of a zone; "the zonal frontier" (同)zonary
a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc (同)facia

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帯の;地域(地区)に分けられた
(髪を束ねる)細ひも / 鼻隠(はなかくし)板(軒先のたる木の木口を隠す板)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/12 10:40:28」(JST)

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A fascia (/ˈfæʃə/, /ˈfæʃiə/; plural fasciae /ˈfæʃɨ.i/; adjective fascial; from Latin: "band") is a band or sheet of connective tissue fibers, primarily collagen, that forms beneath the skin to attach, stabilize, enclose, and separate muscles and other internal organs.^[1] Fasciae are classified according to their distinct layers as in superficial fascia, deep (or muscle) fascia, visceral and parietal fascia, and by their functions and anatomical location. Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fasciae are made up of fibrous connective tissue containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Fasciae are consequently flexible structures able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force. These collagen fibers are produced by the fibroblasts located within the fascia.^[1]

Fasciae are similar to ligaments and tendons as they have collagen as their major component. They differ in their location and function: ligaments join one bone to another bone, tendons join muscle to bone and fasciae surround muscles or other structures.

Structure

There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia", and how fascia should be classified.^[2] The two most common systems are:

The one specified in the 1983 edition of Nomina Anatomica (NA 1983)
The one specified in the 1997 edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA 1997)

NA 1983	TA 1997	Description	Example
Superficial fascia	(not considered fascia in this system)	This is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis.^[3]	Fascia of Scarpa
Deep fascia	Fascia of muscles	This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body.	Transverse fascia
Visceral fascia	Visceral fascia, parietal fascia	This suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes.	Pericardium

Function

Fasciae are normally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body.

The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles.^[4]

Clinical significance

Fascia becomes important clinically when it loses stiffness, becomes too stiff or has decreased shearing ability.^[5] When inflammatory fasciitis or trauma causes fibrosis and adhesions, fascial tissue fails to differentiate the adjacent structures effectively. This can happen after surgery where the fascia has been incised and healing includes a scar that traverses the surrounding structures. A fasciotomy may be used to relieve compartment syndrome as a result of high pressure within an anatomical compartment created by fascia.

References

^ ^a ^b Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. Pearson Education. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-321-37294-9.
^ Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Thieme Stuttgart. p. 33. ISBN 3-13-114361-4.
^ Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, P.N.; Skandalakis, L.J.; Skandalakis, J. (2002). Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 2nd Ed. Atlanta, GA: Springer. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-387-98752-5.
^ Faller, A.; Schuenke, M. (2004). The Human Body. Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 127.
^ PMID 24962403

External links

Fascia Research
lesson1layersofbody at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Canalplasty for Exostoses With Maximal Skin Preservation With Temporoparietal Fascia Grafting and Use of Bone Wax for Skin Flap Protection: A Retrospective Case Series.

Moss WJ1, Lin HW2, Cueva RA3.
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Penile lengthening and widening without grafting according to a modified 'sliding' technique.

Egydio PH1, Kuehhas FE2.
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Lower extremity muscle activation onset times during the transition from double-leg stance to single-leg stance in anterior cruciate ligament injured subjects.

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PMID 26409102

Japanese Journal

最新原著レビュー足底腱膜炎に対する内視鏡視下手術 : 足底腱膜深層アプローチの有用性

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NAID 40019417847

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児島忠雄,善家祐吉,村中秀行 [他]
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Transversefascialsuspension with musclebow traction: Advantages for full-thicknesslipreconstructioninvolving the oralcommissure using freeflap

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… A fascial strip in the flap was sutured to the residual orbicularis muscles. …
NAID 120004398273

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「zonal」「帯状」「cingulate」
拡張検索	「fascial infection」

「zonal」

Fascia
	The rectus sheath, an example of a fascia.
Details
Latin	fascia
Precursor	mesenchyme
Identifiers
Gray's	p.376
MeSH	D005205
Dorlands; /Elsevier	f_03/12354757
	Anatomical terminology