WordNet

of or pertaining to the outside surface of an object
care for the face that usually involves cleansing and massage and the application of cosmetic creams
cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles (同)facial_nerve, nervus_facialis, seventh_cranial_nerve
of or concerning the face; "a facial massage"; "facial hair"; "facial expression"

PrepTutorEJDIC

顔の;顔用の / (マッサージや化粧品による)顔の手入れ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/28 23:19:29」(JST)

wiki en

Myokymia (from the Greek -mŷs - "muscle," + kŷm, -kŷmia - "something swollen" or -kŷmos - "wave"), is an involuntary, spontaneous, localised quivering of a few muscles, or bundles within a muscle, but which are insufficient to move a joint. One type is superior oblique myokymia.

Myokymia is commonly used to describe an involuntary eyelid muscle contraction, typically involving the lower eyelid or less often the upper eyelid. It occurs in normal individuals and typically starts and disappears spontaneously. However, it can sometimes last up to three weeks. Since the condition typically resolves itself, medical professionals do not consider it to be serious or a cause for concern.

In contrast, facial myokymia is a fine rippling of muscles on one side of the face and may reflect an underlying tumor in the brainstem (typically a brainstem glioma), loss of myelin in the brainstem (associated with multiple sclerosis) or in the recovery stage of Guillain–Barré syndrome, an inflammatory polyneuropathy that may affect the facial nerve.^{[citation needed]}

Myokymia in otherwise unrelated body parts may occur in neuromyotonia.

Causes

Frequent contributing factors include: too much caffeine,^[1] high levels of anxiety, fatigue, dehydration, stress, overwork, overexposure to computer/television monitors,^{[citation needed]} and a lack of sleep. Use of certain drugs or alcohol may also be factors.^[2] Magnesium deficiency.

Treatment

Many doctors commonly recommend a combined treatment of: a warm compress applied to the eyes (to relieve muscle tension, relax the muscles, and reduce swelling); a small dosage of antihistamine (to reduce any swelling that may be caused by an allergic reaction); increase bed rest (to allow muscles to rest); decrease exposure to computer screens, televisions, or harsh lighting (to allow muscles to rest); and monitor caffeine intake (too much caffeine can cause an adverse reaction such as eye twitching, but a controlled dose can serve as an effective treatment by increasing blood flow)

References

^ Walton, C.; Kalmar, J. M; Cafarelli, E (18 October 2002). "Effect of caffeine on self-sustained firing in human motor units". The Journal of Physiology. 545 (2): 671–679. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.025064.
^ "EyeTwitching.net Myokymia Causes". 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-22.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 筋電図検査の概要 overview of electromyography
2. 成人における多発性硬化症の臨床的特徴 clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults
3. 腕神経叢症候群 brachial plexus syndromes
4. Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults: Clinical features and diagnosis guillain barre syndrome in adults clinical features and diagnosis
5. 遺伝性運動失調の概要 overview of the hereditary ataxias

English Journal

Neurological adverse events in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy: a prospective imaging and electrophysiological study.

Kaltsonoudis E, Zikou AK, Voulgari PV, Konitsiotis S, Argyropoulou MI, Drosos AA.
Arthritis research & therapy.Arthritis Res Ther.2014 Jun 17;16(3):R125. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: The aim was to investigate the frequency of neurological adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondylarthropathies (SpA) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha antagonists.METHODS: Seventy-seven patients eligible for anti-TNFalpha therapy were evaluated
PMID 24938855

Brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring and neuro-endoscopy: Two tools to ensure hearing preservation and surgical success during microvascular decompression.

Lee CC1, Liao CH2, Lin CF2, Yang TF3, Hsu SP2, Yen YS4, Shih YH2.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA.J Chin Med Assoc.2014 Jun;77(6):308-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2014.02.016. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of microvascular decompression (MVD) has made trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and other cranial nerve rhizopathy diseases treatable by surgery. To ensure hearing preservation and surgical success, we have presented our expe
PMID 24768092

Long-term Renal and Neurologic Outcomes Among Survivors of Diethylene Glycol Poisoning.

Conklin L1, Sejvar JJ2, Kieszak S1, Sabogal R1, Sanchez C1, Flanders D1, Tulloch F3, Victoria G3, Rodriguez G4, Sosa N5, McGeehin MA1, Schier JG6.
JAMA internal medicine.JAMA Intern Med.2014 Jun 1;174(6):912-7. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.344.
IMPORTANCE At least 13 medication-associated diethylene glycol (DEG) mass poisonings have occurred since 1937. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study characterizing long-term health outcomes among survivors beyond the acute poisoning period. OBJECTIVE To characterize renal and neurol
PMID 24819553