WordNet

(ice hockey) the method of starting play; a referee drops the puck between two opposing players
not performing or scheduled for duties; "Hes off every Tuesday"
at a distance in space or time; "the boat was 5 miles off (or away)"; "the party is still 2 weeks off (or away)"; "away back in the 18th century" (同)away
(of events) no longer planned or scheduled; "the wedding is definitely off" (同)cancelled
in an unpalatable state; "sour milk" (同)sour, turned
below a satisfactory level; "an off year for tennis"; "his performance was off"
no longer on or in contact or attached; "clean off the dirt"; "he shaved off his mustache"
not in operation or operational; "the oven is off"; "the lights are off"
turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction; "Turn and face your partner now"
a vertical surface of a building or cliff
the general outward appearance of something; "the face of the city is changing"
the side upon which the use of a thing depends (usually the most prominent surface of an object); "he dealt the cards face down"
the striking or working surface of an implement
the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news" (同)human face
a part of a person that is used to refer to a person; "he looked out at a roomful of faces"; "when he returned to work he met many new faces"
status in the eyes of others; "he lost face"
the part of an animal corresponding to the human face
be opposite; "the facing page"; "the two sofas face each other"
cover the front or surface of; "The building was faced with beautiful stones"
line the edge (of a garment) with a different material; "face the lapels of the jacket"
turn so as to expose the face; "face a playing card"
a protective covering that protects the outside of a building (同)cladding
an ornamental coating to a building (同)veneer
a lining applied to the edge of a garment for ornamentation or strengthening
the near or foreseeable future; "there was a wedding in the offing"
the part of the sea that can be seen from the shore and is beyond the anchoring area; "there was a ship in the offing"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(アイスホッケイーで)フェースオフ(向かい合っての試合開始) / 《話》対決
《分離》(接触しているところ)『から』,から離れて,からはずれて / 《位置》…『から離れたところで』(『に』) / (本来の状態など)からはずれて,…が狂って,がなくなって / (本道など)からそれて,から横道にはいったところに / 《eat, dineなどと共に》…からとって[食べる] / 《『from off』の形で》《話》…から / (ある値段)から割り引いて / 《話》…をやめて,慎んで《+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (仕事義務など)から離れて,を休んで / (人)をたよって,にやっかいになって / (1)《運動・移動を表す動詞と共に》『離れて』,向こうへ / 《状態の動詞と共に》『離れて』 / 《瞬間の動作を表す動詞と共に》『離して』 / 『去って』,出かけて / (電気・ガス・水道などが)『切れて』 / (本来の位置・状態などから)『はずれて』 / (仕事・勤務などを)『旧んで』 / (時間的・空間的に)『離れて』 / 《動作の完了》『すっかり』,完全に / 割り引いて / (中心・的などから)『それた』,『離れた』,はずれた / 『時期はずれの』,(時期などが)いつもほどよくない,シーズン外の / (状態が)水準以下の,いつも調子(状態)でない / 《補語にのみ用いて》(予定・用意されたことが)取りやめになって / 《補語にのみ用いて》(電気器具などが)電源が切れて;(ガス・水道が)切れて,止まって / (人が)…の暮らしぶりで / 勤務のない,休みの / 取れて,ぬげて,はずれて / (馬・車の1対のうち)右側の / 《補語にのみ用いて》(走者が)すでに走り出して / 《おもに英》《補語にのみ用いて》(食物などが)いたんで食べられない;飲めない / 《英》《補語にのみ用いて》(食堂などでメニューには載っているが料理が)もう品切れで / 《英》《補語にのみ用いて》(人の態度が)誠意のない,不親切な,ひどい / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《the ~》(クリケットで)打者の右前方の
〈C〉『顔』 / 〈C〉表情,顔つき / 〈C〉(物の)『表面』(surface),(建物の)正面(front),(貨幣・カードなどの)表《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)外観,様子《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉面目,面子(めんつ) / 〈C〉(多角面体の)面 / 〈C〉(活字・版の)面(印刷する部分);(活字の)書体 / 〈C〉(鉱山の)採掘現場 / …‘に'『面する』,‘の'ほうを向く / (…のほうに)…‘を'向ける《+『名』+『toward』+『名』》 / 〈人が〉〈危険など〉‘に'直面する,立ち向かう,対抗する;〈危険などが〉〈人〉‘に'迫る / 〈事実・現実など〉‘を'直視する,認める / (…で)〈壁など〉‘に'上塗り(上張り)をする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (ある場所・方角に)面する,向く《+『on』(『to』,『toward』)+『名』》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈U〉(壁などの)表面仕上げ,化粧張り / 〈U〉(着年の)へり取り,へり飾り / 《複数形で》(軍服のえりやそで口につけ,兵種・職種を示す)縫い取り,定色
(陸から見える)沖,沖合い

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/15 17:10:49」(JST)

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Video of a face-off in a Swiss hockey game

A face-off is the method used to begin play in ice hockey and some other sports. The two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing skaters attempt to gain control of the puck after it is dropped between their sticks by an official. Face-offs are generally handled by centres, although some wingers handle face-offs and very rarely, some defensemen as well. One of the referees drops the puck at centre ice to start each period and following the scoring of a goal. The linesmen are responsible for all other face-offs.

Ice hockey

One player from each team stands at the face-off spot (see below) to await the drop of the puck. All teammates must be lateral to or behind the player taking the face-off (this is in contrast to basketball, for example, where the player taking the tipoff is encircled by teammates). Generally, the goal of the player taking the face-off is to draw the puck backward, toward teammates; however, they will, occasionally attempt to shoot the puck forward, past the other team, to kill time when shorthanded. However, where the face-off occurs at one of the five face-off spots that have circles marked around them, only the two opposing players responsible for taking the face-off may be in the circle. A common formation, especially at centre ice, is for a skater to take the face-off, with the wings lateral to the centre on either side, and the skater, usually a defenseman, behind the player handling the face-off, one toward each side. This is not mandatory, however, and other formations are seen—especially where the face-off is in one of the four corner face-off spots.

A face-off at centre ice in a youth hockey game

Face-offs are typically conducted at designated places marked on the ice called face-off spots or dots. There are nine such spots: two in each attacking zone, two on each end of the neutral zone, and one in the centre of the rink. Face-offs did not always take place at the marked face-off spots. If a puck left the playing surface, for example, the face-off would take place wherever the puck was last played. On June 20, 2007, the NHL Board of Governors approved a change to NHL Rule 76.2, which governs face-off locations. The rule now requires that all face-offs take place at one of the nine face-off spots on the ice, regardless of what caused the stoppage of play. Rule 76.2 also dictates that, with some exceptions, a face-off following a penalty must occur at one of the two face-off dots of the offending team's end.

An official may remove the player taking the face-off if the player or any players from the same team attempt to gain an unfair advantage during the face-off (called a face-off violation). When a player is removed, one of the teammates not originally taking the face-off is required to take the face-off. Common face-off violations include: moving the stick before the puck is dropped, not placing the stick properly when requested to do so, not placing the body square to the face-off spot, or encroachment into the face-off circle by a teammate. In the NHL, the player from the visiting team is required to place his stick on the ice for the face-off first when it takes place at the centre-line dot. For all other face-offs, the player from the defending team must place his stick first. Before the league's 2015–16 season, the visiting player was required to place his stick first on all face-offs.

History

In the first organized ice hockey rules (see Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, AHAC), both centres faced the centre line of the ice rink, like the winners do today. At that time, another forward position existed, the rover, who faced forward like centres did today, but a few feet away.

Face-offs were first called "faces" of the puck, or a "puck-off".

Bandy

In bandy, the game is restarted with a face-off when the game has been temporary interrupted. The face-off is executed on the place where the ball was situated when the game was interrupted. If the ball was inside the penalty area when the game was interrupted, the face-off is moved to the nearest free-stroke point on the penalty line.

In a face-off one player of each team place themselves opposite each other and with their backs turned to their own end-lines. The sticks are held parallel to each other and on each side of the ball. The ball must not be touched until the referee has blown his whistle. At face-off the ball may be played in any direction.

In bandy, face-offs are regulated in section 4.6 of the Bandy Playing Rules set up by the Federation of International Bandy (FIB).^[1]

Lacrosse

Face-offs are also used in lacrosse. In a lacrosse face-off, two players face each other in a crouching position with the ball placed between the two sticks. At a signal from the official, each tries to gain possession of the ball. A player can not hold on to the ball.

Field hockey

Two female field hockey players prepare to start or resume the match with a bully-off in the centre of the pitch.

A similar technique, known as a bully-off, is used in field hockey. The two opposing players alternately touch their sticks on the ground and against each other before attempting to strike the ball. Its use as the method of starting play was discontinued in 1981.^[2]

Similar rules in other sports

A face-off is also similar to a jump ball in basketball, a ball-up in Australian rules football, and a dropped-ball (if contested) in association football. All of these also involve two opposing players attempting to gain control of the ball after it is released by an official.

An event similar to a face-off has been attempted in at least two leagues of American football: the XFL, a short-lived professional football league that played its lone season in 2001, instituted an "opening scramble," replacing the coin toss, in which one player from each team attempted to recover a loose football after a twenty-yard dash. The team whose player recovered the ball got first choice of kicking, receiving, or defending one side of the field. Because of an extremely high rate of injury in these events (in the league's first game, one XFL player was lost for the season after separating his shoulder in a scramble), the event has not gained mainstream popularity in most other football leagues. X-League Indoor Football nonetheless adopted a modified version opening scramble (using the name "X-Dash") when it began play in 2014, but tweaked to avoid the injuries so that each player chased after their own ball.

The coin toss remains the method of choice for determining possession at the beginning of an American football game.

References

^ "Bandy Playing Rules" (PDF). Federation of International Bandy. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
^ "New hockey laws ended India's rule", The Times of India, February 27, 2010

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Chen X1, Han S1, Wang R2, Li Y1.
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Atomic clocks face off.

Gibney E.
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