exudative

• 滲出性の、浸出性の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/31 13:22:29」(JST)

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Exudate from a wound on a human finger.

An exudate is a fluid emitted by an organism through pores or a wound, a process known as exuding. Exudate is derived from exude, "to ooze," from the Latin exsūdāre, "to (ooze) out like sweat" (ex- "out" and sūdāre "to sweat").

Medicine

An exudate is any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation. It can be a pus-like or clear fluid. When an injury occurs, leaving skin exposed, it leaks out of the blood vessels and into nearby tissues. The fluid is composed of serum, fibrin, and white blood cells. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation.

Types

Transudate vs. exudate
	Transudate	Exudate
Main causes	↑ hydrostatic pressure, ↓ colloid osmotic pressure	Inflammation-Increased vascular permeability
Appearance	Clear	Cloudy
Specific gravity	< 1.012	> 1.020
Protein content	< 2.5 g/dL	> 2.9 g/dL
fluid protein/ serum protein	< 0.5	> 0.5
SAAG = Serum [albumin] - Effusion [albumin]	> 1.2 g/dL	< 1.2 g/dL
fluid LDH upper limit for serum	< 0.6 or <  2⁄3	> 0.6 or >  2⁄3
Cholesterol content	< 45 mg/dL	> 45 mg/dL

• Purulent or suppurative exudate consists of plasma with both active and dead neutrophils, fibrinogen, and necrotic parenchymal cells. This kind of exudate is consistent with more severe infections, and is commonly referred to as pus.
• Fibrinous exudate is composed mainly of fibrinogen and fibrin. It is characteristic of rheumatic carditis, but is seen in all severe injuries such as strep throat and bacterial pneumonia. Fibrinous inflammation is often difficult to resolve due to blood vessels growing into the exudate and filling space that was occupied by fibrin. Often, large amounts of antibiotics are necessary for resolution.
• Catarrhal exudate is seen in the nose and throat and is characterized by a high content of mucus.
• Serous exudate (sometimes classified as serous transudate) is usually seen in mild inflammation, with relatively low protein. Its consistency resembles that of serum, and can usually be seen in certain disease states like tuberculosis. (See below for difference between transudate and exudate)
• Malignant (or cancerous) pleural effusion is effusion where cancer cells are present. It is usually classified as exudate.

Exudates vs. transudates

There is an important distinction between transudates and exudates. Transudates are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure, not by inflammation. They have a low protein content in comparison to exudates. Medical distinction between transudates and exudates is through the measurement of the specific gravity of extracted fluid. Specific gravity is used to measure the protein content of the fluid. The higher the specific gravity, the greater the likelihood of capillary permeability changes in relation to body cavities. For example, the specific gravity of the transudate is usually less than 1.012 and a protein content of less than 2 g/100 mL (2 g%). Rivalta test may be used to differentiate an exudate from a transudate. It is not clear if there is a distinction in the difference of transudates and exudates in plants.

Plant exudates

Latex-painted bathroom wall leaching surfactants, following water vapor condensation.

Plant exudates include saps, gums, latex, and resin. Sometimes nectar is considered an exudate. Plant roots exude a variety of molecules into the rhizosphere, including acids, sugars, polysaccharides and ectoenzymes; this can account for 40% of root carbon. Exudation of these compounds has various benefits to the plant and to the microorganisms of the rhizosphere.

Latex paint

A common form of latex exudation, known as surfactant leaching, occurs from water vapor condensing on the painted surface, causing surfactants to leach out of the paint in sticky brown streaks.

See also

• Pleural effusion
• Scarless wound healing

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における胸水の画像検査 imaging of pleural effusions in adults
• 2. 成人における胸水の診断的評価：初期検査 diagnostic evaluation of a pleural effusion in adults initial testing
• 3. 成人における胸水の診断的評価：病因未確定に対する追加検査 diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusion in adults additional tests for undetermined etiology
• 4. 血液媒介病原体とスポーツ bloodborne pathogens and sports
• 5. 好酸球の生物学および好酸球増多症の原因 eosinophil biology and causes of eosinophilia

English Journal

• Predictive risk factors for radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy after proton beam therapy for uveal melanoma.

• Seibel I1, Cordini D2,3, Hager A2, Tillner J2, Riechardt AI2, Heufelder J2,3, Davids AM2, Rehak M2, Joussen AM2.
• Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2016 Jul 4. [Epub ahead of print]
• PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to evaluate the incidence of radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy occurring after proton beam therapy for uveal melanoma.METHODS: Included in this study were all patients who had been treated with primary proton beam therapy for uveal melanoma at the
• PMID 27376824

• Selenium Deficiency Mainly Influences Antioxidant Selenoproteins Expression in Broiler Immune Organs.

• Yang Z1, Liu C1, Liu C1, Teng X2, Li S3.
• Biological trace element research.Biol Trace Elem Res.2016 Jul;172(1):209-21. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0578-y. Epub 2015 Dec 3.
• Selenoprotein has many functions in chicken, and the expression of selenoproteins is closely associated with the selenium (Se) level. However, little is known about the expression patterns of selenoproteins in chicken immune organs. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary Se deficiency on the ex
• PMID 26631053

• Murine fundus fluorescein angiography: An alternative approach using a handheld camera.

• Ehrenberg M1, Ehrenberg S2, Schwob O1, Benny O3.
• Experimental eye research.Exp Eye Res.2016 Jul;148:74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.024. Epub 2016 May 31.
• In today's modern pharmacologic approach to treating sight-threatening retinal vascular disorders, there is an increasing demand for a compact, mobile, lightweight and cost-effective fluorescein fundus camera to document the effects of antiangiogenic drugs on laser-induced choroidal neovascularizati
• PMID 27260483

Japanese Journal

• 滲出型加齢黄斑変性のtreatment-naive症例に対するアフリベルセプト硝子体内投与の成績 (特集 第68回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(6))

• 臨床眼科 69(8), 1167-1173, 2015-08
• NAID 40020541528

• CLINICAL INVESTIGATION : Intravitreal aflibercept for ranibizumab-resistant exudative age-related macular degeneration with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability

• Japanese journal of ophthalmology : the official international journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society 59(4), 261-265, 2015-07
• NAID 40020527588

• 19年後に黄斑浮腫を生じた家族性滲出性硝子体網膜症の1例 (特集 第68回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(4))

• 臨床眼科 69(6), 847-851, 2015-06
• NAID 40020504295

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リンク元	「浸出性」「滲出性」
拡張検索	「exudative retinitis」

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滲出性

「滲出性」

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exudative

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浸出性

「exudative retinitis」

　　[★] コーツ病、滲出性網膜炎