摘出する、摘除する

関: extirpation、resect、resection

WordNet

surgically remove (an organ)
surgical removal of part of a structure or organ
the act of pulling up or out; uprooting; cutting off from existence (同)excision, deracination
surgically remove a part of a structure or an organ (同)eviscerate

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈悪習・集団など〉‘を'根絶する,撲滅する / 〈植物〉‘を'根こぎにする
(手術による器官や組織,特に骨の)切徐
根絶,撲滅

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/01 09:51:30」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Local extinction, or extirpation, is the condition of a species (or other taxon) that ceases to exist in the chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions may be followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations; wolf reintroduction is an example of this.

Conservation

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area.

The area of study chosen may reflect a natural subpopula, political boundaries, or both. The Cetacean Specialist Group of the IUCN has assessed the threat of a local extinction of the Black Sea stock of Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that touches six different countries. COSEWIC, by contrast, investigates wildlife only in Canada, so assesses only the risk of a Canadian local extinction even for species that cross into the United States or other countries. Other subpopulations may be naturally divided by political or country boundaries.

Many crocodilian species have experienced localized extinction, particularly the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), which has been extirpated from Vietnam, Thailand, Java, and many other areas.

Often a subpopulation of a species will also be a subspecies. For example, the recent disappearance of the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) from Cameroon spells not only the local extinction of rhinoceroses in Cameroon, but also the global extinction of the Western Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis longipes).

In at least one case, scientists have found a local extinction useful for research: In the case of the Bay checkerspot butterfly, scientists, including Paul R. Ehrlich, chose not to intervene in a local extinction, using it to study the danger to the world population.^[1] However, similar studies are not carried out where a global population is at risk.

IUCN subpopulation and stock assessments

While the World Conservation Union (IUCN) mostly only categorizes whole species or subspecies, assessing the global risk of extinction, in some cases it also assesses the risks to stocks and populations, especially to preserve genetic diversity. In all, 119 stocks or subpopulations across 69 species have been assessed by the IUCN in 2006.^[2]

Examples of stocks and populations assessed by the IUCN for the threat of local extinction:

Marsh deer (three subpopulations assessed)
Blue whale, North Pacific stock and North Atlantic stock
Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus (five subpopulations assessed), from Critically Endangered to LR/cd
Lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, Mississippi & Missouri Basins subpopulation assessed as Vulnerable
Wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio (River Danube subpopulation)
Black-flanked rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis (MacDonnell Ranges subpopulation and Western Kimberly subpopulation)

The IUCN also lists countries where assessed species, subspecies or subpopulations are found, and from which countries they have been extirpated or reintroduced.

The IUCN has only three entries for subpopulations that have become extinct^[3] the Aral Sea stock of Ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris); the Adriatic Sea stock of Beluga (Huso huso); and the Mexican subpopulation of Wolf (Canis lupus), which is extinct in the wild. No plant or fungi subpopulations have been assessed by the IUCN.

Local extinction events

Major environmental events, such as volcanic eruptions, may lead to large numbers of local extinctions, such as with the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption, which led to a fern spike extinction.

References

^ Holsinger, Kent. "Local extinction". Population Viability Analysis: Bay Checkerspot Butterfly. URL accessed August 11, 2006.
^ IUCN Red List, search for only stocks and subpopulations [1]
^ IUCN Red List, search for extinct stocks and populations: [2]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 低血糖における診断ジレンマ：具体例 diagnostic dilemmas in hypoglycemia illustrative cases

English Journal

Resection of an ameloblastoma in a pediatric patient and immediate reconstruction using a combination of tissue engineering and costochondral rib graft: A case report.

Johnson J, Jundt J, Hanna I, Shum JW, Badger G, Melville JC.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939).J Am Dent Assoc.2016 Jul 16. pii: S0002-8177(16)30504-9. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.010. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor predominantly occurring in patients who are in their 20s and 30s. Approximately 10% to 15% of ameloblastomas occur in patients younger than 18 years. Although it is a benign tumor, an ameloblastoma can have a devastating effect on childr
PMID 27435007

Efficacy of ProTaper and Mtwo Retreatment Files in Removal of Gutta-percha and GuttaFlow from Root Canals.

Khedmat S1, Azari A2, Shamshiri AR3, Fadae M4, Bashizadeh Fakhar H5.
Iranian endodontic journal.Iran Endod J.2016 Summer;11(3):184-7. doi: 10.7508/iej.2016.03.007. Epub 2016 May 1.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of ProTaper retreatment (ProTaper R) and Mtwo retreatment (Mtwo R) files in removing gutta-percha and GuttaFlow from endodontically treated straight root canals.METHODS AND MATERIALS: The root canals of 60 human mandibular sing
PMID 27471528

Surgically treated solitary giant gluteal and retroperitoneal neurofibroma: a case report.

Shen XQ1, Shen H1, Wu SC1, Lv Y2, Lu H1, Lin XJ3.
World journal of surgical oncology.World J Surg Oncol.2016 Apr 27;14:125. doi: 10.1186/s12957-016-0880-y.
BACKGROUND: Giant neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 involve multiple regions and are often difficult to surgically extirpate. However, surgical intervention is the most effective means for improving quality of life. The case reported herein is unique in that it involves a giant
PMID 27122017

Japanese Journal

症例報告経腔的に胎盤摘出を行った癒着胎盤の1例

青井裕美,平井千裕,國見聡子 [他]
東京産科婦人科学会会誌 62(3), 445-449, 2013-07
NAID 40019784627

経下顎舌縦割進入法で手術支援を行った上位脊椎腫瘍の1例

加藤伸,莇生田整治,小池晶彦 [他],小山慶介,中川種昭,河奈裕正
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 56(10), 596-599, 2010-10-20
… Although surgery for upper spinal tumors is usually performed via a posterior approach, a transoral approach from the anterior direction is necessary if the tumor is too big to extirpate via the posterior approach alone. …
NAID 10027843910

Retrograde mastoidectomy on demand with soft-wall reconstruction in pediatric cholesteatoma

Hatano Miyako,Yoshizaki Tomokazu,Ito Makoto
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 130(10), 1113-1118, 2010-10
… In order to fully expose and extirpate the disease, the bony canal wall was removed in association with a retrograde-type mastoidectomy in all cases. …
NAID 120002439386

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「resection」「extirpation」「resect」「摘除」「摘出」

「resection」

　　[★]

n.

(外科)(特に骨)切除、切除術

ex

内視鏡的粘膜切除術 endoscopic mucosal resection

関: ablate、ablation、ablative、ablative surgery、ectomy、excise、excision、excisional、extirpate、extirpation、resect、resective、transect、transection

「extirpation」

　　[★]

摘出術、摘除術、摘出、摘除、切除

関: ablate、ablation、ablative、excise、excision、excisional、extirpate、resect、resection、resective、transect、transection

「resect」

　　[★]

切除する、摘除する

関: ablate、ablation、ablative、excise、excision、excisional、extirpate、extirpation、resection、resective、transect、transection

「摘除」

　　[★]

英: resection、extirpation、resect、extirpate
関: 切除、切除術、摘出、摘出術、摘除術

「摘出」

　　[★]

英: extirpation、resection、extirpate
関: 切除、切除術、摘出術、摘除、摘除術

[Holsinger-1] Holsinger, Kent. "Local extinction". Population Viability Analysis: Bay Checkerspot Butterfly. URL accessed August 11, 2006.

[2] IUCN Red List, search for only stocks and subpopulations [1]

[3] IUCN Red List, search for extinct stocks and populations: [2]

v t e Extinction

List of recently extinct species

Phenomena	Background extinction rate Coextinction De-extinction Ecological extinction Extinct in the wild Functional extinction Genetic pollution Lazarus taxon Local extinction Pseudoextinction

Models	Extinction vortex

Causes	Genetic erosion Habitat destruction Human overpopulation Muller's ratchet Mutational meltdown Overexploitation

Theories & concepts	Extinction debt Extinction risk from global warming Extinction threshold Field of Bullets Hypothetical species Latent extinction risk

Major extinction events	Ordovician–Silurian Late Devonian Permian–Triassic Triassic–Jurassic Cretaceous–Paleogene Holocene Timeline

Other extinction events	Great Oxygenation End-Ediacaran End-Botomian Dresbachian Cambrian–Ordovician Ireviken Mulde Lau Carboniferous Olson's End-Capitanian Carnian Pluvial Toarcian End-Jurassic or Tithonian Aptian Cenomanian-Turonian Eocene–Oligocene Middle Miocene Pliocene–Pleistocene Quaternary

Extinct species	Lists of extinct species Lists of extinct animals List of extinct plants IUCN Red List extinct species

Organizations	International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Species Survival Commission Voluntary Human Extinction Movement

See also	Decline in amphibian populations Human extinction

Category Portal WikiProject Commons

匿名

検索

案内

案内

extirpate