WordNet

the commercial activity of selling and shipping goods to a foreign country (同)exportation
transfer (electronic data) out of a database or document in a format that can be used by other programs
commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country (同)exportation
cause to spread in another part of the world; "The Russians exported Marxism to Africa"
sell or transfer abroad; "we export less than we import and have a negative trade balance"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 09:59:09」(JST)

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Karyopherins are a group of proteins involved in transporting molecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The inside of the nucleus is called the karyoplasm (or nucleoplasm). Generally, karyopherin-mediated transport occurs through the nuclear pore, which acts as a gateway into and out of the nucleus. Most proteins require karyopherins to traverse the nuclear pore.

Karyopherins can act as importins (i.e. helping proteins get into the nucleus) or exportins (i.e. helping proteins get out of the nucleus). They belong to The Nuclear Pore Complex Family^[1] in the transporter classification database (TCDB).

Energy for transport is derived from the Ran gradient. See Ran for further details.

Importin beta

Importin beta is a specific type of karyopherin that facilitates the transport of cargo proteins into the nucleus. First, it is binding importin alpha - another type of karyopherin that binds the cargo protein in the cytoplasm - before the cargo protein is imported into the nucleus through the nuclear pore using energy derived from the Ran gradient. Once inside the nucleus, the cargo dissociates from the karyopherins.

Importin beta can also carry proteins into the nucleus without the aid of the importin alpha adapter protein.^[2]

Human genes in the karyopherin family

KPNA1
KPNA2
KPNA3
KPNA4
KPNA5
KPNA6
KPNB1
CRM1

Additional images

The Ran-GTP cycle

References

^ http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=9.A.14
^ Poon, I. K. H. and D. A. Jans (2005). "Regulation of nuclear transport: Central role in development and transformation?" Traffic 6(3): 173-186.

External links

Karyopherins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Illustrations at berkeley.edu
Karyopherin animations
Karyopherin illustrations
3D electron microscopy structures of exportin from the EM Data Bank(EMDB)

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 微細欠失症候群（1番～11番染色体） microdeletion syndromes chromosomes 1 to 11

English Journal

Astrocytic exportin-7 responds to ischemia through mediating LKB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Liang HJ1, Chai RC, Li X, Kong JG, Jiang JH, Ma J, Vatcher G, Yu AC.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2015 Feb;93(2):253-67. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23486. Epub 2014 Sep 24.
The superfamily of importin-β-related proteins is the largest class of nuclear transport receptors and can be generally divided into importins and exportins according to their transport directions. Eleven importins and seven exportins have been identified, and the expression patterns of both classe
PMID 25250856

Interactions of the Natural Product (+)-Avrainvillamide with Nucleophosmin and Exportin-1 Mediate the Cellular Localization of Nucleophosmin and its AML-Associated Mutants.

Mukherjee H, Chan K, Andresen V, Hanley ML, Gjertsen BT, Myers AG.
ACS chemical biology.ACS Chem Biol.2014 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein localized predominantly within the nucleoli of eukaryotic cells. Mutations within its C-terminal domain are frequently observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), are thought to play a key role in the initiation of the disease, and
PMID 25531824

Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport as a therapeutic target of cancer.

Gravina G, Senapedis W, McCauley D, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Festuccia C.
Journal of hematology & oncology.J Hematol Oncol.2014 Dec 5;7(1):85. [Epub ahead of print]
Shuttling of specific proteins out of the nucleus is essential for the regulation of the cell cycle and proliferation of both normal and malignant tissues. Dysregulation of this fundamental process may affect many other important cellular processes such as tumor growth, inflammatory response, cell c
PMID 25476752

Japanese Journal

核-細胞質間高分子輸送の構造生物学

松浦能行
生物物理 51(5), 208-213, 2011-09-25
Active transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is mediated by transport receptors (carriers) that facilitate the passage of specific cargoes through the nuclear pore complexe …
NAID 10029482414

Nucleocytoplasmic transport of luciferase gene mRNA requires CRM1/Exportin1 and RanGTPase

KIMURA Tominori,HASHIMOTO Iwao,NISHIKAWA Masao,YAMADA Hisao
Medical molecular morphology : official journal of the Japanese Society for Clinical Molecular Morphology 42(2), 70-81, 2009-06-01
NAID 10025859849