外斜位
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/07/02 11:01:02」(JST)
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Exophoria |
Classification and external resources |
ICD-10 |
H50.5 |
ICD-9-CM |
378.42 |
[edit on Wikidata]
|
Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward.[1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another.[2]
Prevalence
Exophoria is particularly common in infancy and childhood, and increases with age.[3][clarification needed]
Cause
Exophoria can be caused by several factors, which include:
- Refractive errors - distance and near deviation approximately equal.
- Divergence excess - exodeviation is more than 15 dioptres greater for distance than near deviation.
- Convergence insufficiency - near exodeviation greater than distance deviation.
These can be due to nerve, muscle, or congenital problems, or due to mechanical anomalies. Unlike exotropia, fusion is possible in this condition, causing diplopia to be uncommon.
References
- ^ Allen, Edmund Turney (1899). The science of higher prisms. Harvard University: G. K. Hazlitt 6 Co., printer. p. 39.
- ^ Grosvenor, Theodore (2007). Primary Care Optometry 5th Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-7506-7575-8.
- ^ Freier BE, Pickwell LD (1983). "Physiological exophoria". Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 3: 267–272. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1983.tb00613.x.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Magnetic resonance imaging of bilateral split lateral rectus transposition to the medial globe.
- Chaudhuri Z1, Demer JL.
- Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015 Sep;253(9):1587-90. doi: 10.1007/s00417-015-3071-6. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
- PURPOSE: Medial transposition of the split or intact lateral rectus (LR) muscle in oculomotor palsy improves extreme exotropia. We studied rectus pulley positions using high-resolution surface coil MRI before and after LR split with medial transposition surgery in a patient with bilateral oculomotor
- PMID 26134306
- Gunton KB1, Wasserman BN2, DeBenedictis C2.
- Primary care.Prim Care.2015 Sep;42(3):393-407. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
- Defining the type of strabismus creates a framework for work-up and management. Comitant esotropia is most commonly a childhood condition treated with glasses and surgery. Comitant exotropia is often a childhood condition that may require surgical correction. Microvascular disease is the most common
- PMID 26319345
- Neurological Involvement and Hepatocellular Injury Caused by a Snake With Hematotoxin Envenomation.
- Sontichai W1, Reungrongrat S1, Narongchai P2, Natesirinilkul R3.
- Wilderness & environmental medicine.Wilderness Environ Med.2015 Sep;26(3):366-70. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.02.006. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
- Venomous snakes with hematotoxin-Russell's viper (Daboia spp), Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), and green pit viper (Cryptelytrops albolabris and C macrops, previously named Trimeresurus spp) are commonly found in Thailand. Coagulation factor activation, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinolys
- PMID 25890858
Japanese Journal
- 斜視の視能訓練療法 (特集 斜視治療アップデート)
Related Links
- exophoria [ek″so-for´e-ah] heterophoria in which there is deviation of the visual axis of an eye away from that of the other eye in the absence of visual fusional stimuli. adj., adj exopho´ric. ex·o·pho·ri·a (ek'so-fō'rē-ă), Do not confuse ...
- Exophoria definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now! ... People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it?
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★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- exophoria
- 同
- 眼球外斜位、潜伏外斜視 latent exotropia
- 関
- 外方偏位