WordNet

construct or form a web, as if by weaving (同)net
an intricate trap that entangles or ensnares its victim (同)entanglement
a fabric (especially a fabric in the process of being woven)
membrane connecting the toes of some aquatic birds and mammals
an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving; "the trees cast a delicate web of shadows over the lawn"
relating to the esophagus

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(クモなどが紡ぎ出す)『巣』 / (クモの巣のような)網状組織;(張りめぐらした)仕掛け / (製織中の)織物 / (アヒルなど水鳥の)水かき / (輪転機の)巻取り紙
『私たちは(が)』,われわれは(が) / 《総称的に》『人は』,われわれは / 《論説・評論などで I の代りに用いて》私たちは,吾人(ごじん)は,筆者は / 《子供・病人などに対して,you の代りに養いて》あなたは / 《君主が公式の場でI の代りに用いて》余は
week / width / weight

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/26 16:16:53」(JST)

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Esophageal webs are thin membranes located in the middle or upper esophagus.

Presentation

Its main symptoms are pain and difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia).

Esophageal webs are thin (2-3mm) membranes of normal esophageal tissue consisting of mucosa and submucosa that can partially protrude/obstruct the esophagus. They can be congenital or acquired. Congenital webs commonly appear in the middle and inferior third of the esophagus, and they are more likely to be circumferential with a central or eccentric orifice. Acquired webs are much more common than congenital webs and typically appear in the cervical area (postcricoid).

Clinical symptoms of this condition are selective (solid more than liquids) dysphagia, thoracic pain, nasopharyngeal reflux, aspiration, perforation and food impaction (the last two are very rare).

Esophageal web stenosis in barium swallow examination lateral view.
Web with "jet-phenomenon". Arrowhead on incomplete opening of the upper esophageal sphincter.
Esophageal web stenosis in barium swallow examination frontal view.

Causes and associated conditions

They are mainly observed in the Plummer-Vinson syndrome,^[1] which is associated with chronic iron deficiency anemia. One in 10 patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome will eventually develop squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus,^[2] but it is unclear if esophageal webs in and of themselves are a risk factor.

Esophageal webs are associated with bullous diseases (such as epidermolysis bullosa, pemphigus, and bullous pemphigoid), with graft versus host disease involving the esophagus, and with celiac disease.

Esophageal webs are more common in white individuals and in women (with a ratio 2:1). The literature describes relations between these webs and Plummer-Vinson Syndrome, bullous dermatologic disorders, inlet patch, graft-versus-host disease and celiac disease. The postulated mechanisms are sideropenic anemia (mechanism unknown) or some interference of the immune system. Esophageal webs can be ruptured during upper endoscopy.

References

^ Okamura H, Tsutsumi S, Inaki S, Mori T (September 1988). "Esophageal web in Plummer-Vinson syndrome". The Laryngoscope 98 (9): 994–8. doi:10.1288/00005537-198809000-00014. PMID 3412097.
^ "What are the risk factors for cancer of the esophagus?". Esophagus Cancer. American Cancer Society. Retrieved 15 April 2012.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 食道輪および食道ウェブ esophageal rings and webs
2. 成人における嚥下障害の概要 overview of dysphagia in adults
3. 慢性移植片対宿主病の臨床症状、診断、および重症度分類 clinical manifestations diagnosis and grading of chronic graft versus host disease
4. 良性食道狭窄のマネージメント management of benign esophageal strictures
5. 食道運動障害：臨床症状、診断およびマネージメント esophageal motility disorders clinical manifestations diagnosis and management

English Journal

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis.

Guo YM1, Yu WW, Zhu M, Guo CY.
Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / I.S.D.E.Dis Esophagus.2014 Jun 24. doi: 10.1111/dote.12248. [Epub ahead of print]
The prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains controversial. Eligible studies that investigated the association between survival in EAC and the expression status of EGFR were identified by an electronic
PMID 24961755

Greater loss of productivity among Japanese workers with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms that persist vs resolve on medical therapy.

Suzuki H1, Matsuzaki J, Masaoka T, Inadomi JM.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2014 Jun;26(6):764-71. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12319. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
BACKGROUND: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) impairs quality of life; however, the association between GERD and work productivity has not been well investigated in Japan. This study was designed to compare the impact of GERD on productivity between Japanese workers with GERD symptoms that per
PMID 24602100

Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer.

Guo HM, Zhang XQ, Chen M, Huang SL, Zou XP.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG.World J Gastroenterol.2014 May 14;20(18):5540-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5540.
AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in treating superficial esophageal cancer (SEC).METHODS: Studies investigating the safety and efficacy of ESD and EMR for SEC were searched from the databases of Pubmed, Web of Scie
PMID 24833885