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"Calcidol" redirects here. For the form of vitamin D₃ sometimes called "calcidiol", see Cholecalciferol.

Ergocalciferol is a provitamin form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D₂. In isolated manufactured formats, it is marketed under various names including Deltalin (Eli Lilly and Company), discontinued Drisdol (Sanofi-Synthelabo), and Calcidol (Patrin Pharma). Ergocalciferol is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol.^{[citation needed]}

Ergocalciferol may be used as a vitamin D supplement, and a 2011 clinical guideline^[1] considered it to be as effective as cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃), which is produced naturally by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light. Conflicting evidence exists for how similarly D₂ and D₃ behave in the body and whether they are equally active, with preliminary studies suggesting D₃ is more potent,^[2]^[3] while others report equal efficacy.^[1]^[4]^[5] Cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) is sensitive to UV radiation and rapidly, but reversibly, forms other sterols which can further irreversibly convert to ergosterol.^{[citation needed]}

Sources [edit]

Lichen

Cladina arbuscula specimens grown under different natural conditions: The contents of vitamin D₃ range from 0.67 to 2.04 μg/g dry matter in the thalli of C. arbuscula specimens grown under different natural conditions, while provitamin D₃ could not be detected. The ranges for provitamin D₂ and vitamin D₂ were 89-146 and 0.22-0.55 μg/g dry matter, respectively, while the contents of provitamin D₃ were below the detection limit (0.01 μg/g dry matter).^[6]

Fungus, from USDA nutrient database^[7]

Mushrooms, portabella, exposed to ultraviolet light, raw: Vitamin D (D₂ + D₃): 11.2 mcg (446 IU)
Mushrooms, portabella, exposed to ultraviolet light, grilled: Vitamin D (D₂ + D₃): 13.1 mcg (524 IU)
Mushrooms, shiitake, dried: Vitamin D (D₂ + D₃): 3.9 μg (154 IU)
Mushrooms, shiitake, raw: Vitamin D (D₂ + D₃): 0.4 μg (18 IU)
Mushrooms, portabella, raw: Vitamin D (D₂ + D₃): 0.3 μg (10 IU)

Plantae

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa), shoot: 4.8 μg (192 IU) vitamin D₂, 0.1 μg (4 IU) vitamin D₃^[8]

Ergocalciferol is produced in fungi synthetically through irradiation of ergosterol.^[9] Human bioavailability of vitamin D₂ from vitamin D₂-enhanced button mushrooms via UV-B irradiation is effective in improving vitamin D status and not different to a vitamin D₂ supplement.^[10] Vitamin D₂ from UV-irradiated yeast baked into bread is bioavailable.^[11] By visual assessment or using a chromometer, no significant discoloration of irradiated mushrooms, as measured by the degree of "whiteness", was observed.^[12] Claims have been made that a normal serving (approx. 3 oz or 1/2 cup, or 60 grams) of mushrooms treated with ultraviolet light provides vitamin D content to levels of 3,476 IU if exposed to just 5 minutes of UV light after being harvested.^[13]

Preliminary research [edit]

One study found low vitamin D₂ levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease,^[14] but this observational study did not prove cause or effect related to ergocalciferol and vitamin D₂ deficiency in the diet.

References [edit]

^ ^a ^b Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368. edit
^ Houghton, L.; Vieth, R. (2006). "The case against ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 84 (4): 694–697. PMID 17023693. edit
^ Trang, H. M.; Cole, D. E.; Rubin, L. A.; Pierratos, A.; Siu, S.; Vieth, R. (1998). "Evidence that vitamin D3 increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D2". The American journal of clinical nutrition 68 (4): 854–858. PMID 9771862. edit
^ Holick Mf, B. R.; Biancuzzo, R. M.; Chen, T. C.; Klein, E. K.; Young, A.; Bibuld, D.; Reitz, R.; Salameh, W. et al. (2007). "Vitamin D2 is as Effective as Vitamin D3 in Maintaining Circulating Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93 (3): 677–681. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2308. PMC 2266966. PMID 18089691. |displayauthors= suggested (help) edit
^ Biancuzzo, R. M.; Young, A.; Bibuld, D.; Cai, M. H.; Winter, M. R.; Klein, E. K.; Ameri, A.; Reitz, R. et al. (2010). "Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 is as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91 (6): 1621–1626. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27972. PMC 2869510. PMID 20427729. |displayauthors= suggested (help) edit
^ Wang, T; Bengtsson, G; Kärnefelt, I; Björn, LO (2001). "Provitamins and vitamins D₂and D₃in Cladina spp. Over a latitudinal gradient: Possible correlation with UV levels". Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 62 (1–2): 118–22. PMID 11693362.
^ "USDA nutrient database – use the keyword 'portabella' and then click submit".
^ "Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases".
^ "Vitamin D: A Rapid Review: Vitamin D2 and/or Vitamin D3". Medscape.com. 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
^ http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v65/n8/full/ejcn201153a.html
^ Hohman, E. E.; Martin, B. R.; Lachcik, P. J.; Gordon, D. T.; Fleet, J. C.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Bioavailability and Efficacy of Vitamin D2from UV-Irradiated Yeast in Growing, Vitamin D-Deficient Rats". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59 (6): 2341–2346. doi:10.1021/jf104679c. PMC 3235799. PMID 21332187. edit
^ Koyyalamudi, SR; Jeong, SC; Song, CH; Cho, KY; Pang, G (2009). "Vitamin D₂ formation and bioavailability from Agaricus bisporus button mushrooms treated with ultraviolet irradiation". J Agric Food Chem 57 (8): 3351–5. doi:10.1021/jf803908q. PMID 19281276.
^ "Bringing Mushrooms Out of the Dark". MSNBC. April 18, 2006. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
^ Iltaf Shah; Petroczi, Andrea; Tabet, Naji; Klugman, Anthony; Isaac, Mokhtar; p. Naughton, Declan (2012). "Low 25OH Vitamin D2 Levels Found in Untreated Alzheimer's Patients, Compared to Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitor Treated and Controls". Current Alzheimer Research 9 (9): 1069–1076. doi:10.2174/156720512803568975. ISSN 1567-2050. PMID 22876849

External links [edit]

NIST Chemistry WebBook page for ergocalciferol

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるビタミンD欠乏症の治療 treatment of vitamin d deficiency in adults
2. 慢性腎臓病患者における骨粗鬆症：診断、評価およびマネージメント osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease diagnosis evaluation and management
3. 小児および思春期におけるビタミンD不足および欠乏 vitamin d insufficiency and deficiency in children and adolescents
4. 低カルシウム血症の治療 treatment of hypocalcemia
5. ビタミンDの代謝 metabolism of vitamin d

English Journal

Effect of cholecalciferol recommended daily allowances on vitamin D status and fibroblast growth factor-23: An observational study in acute burn patients.

Rousseau AF1, Damas P2, Ledoux D2, Cavalier E3.
Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.Burns.2014 Aug;40(5):865-70. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.11.015. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
OBJECTIVE: Burn patients are at risk of hypovitaminosis D. Optimal vitamin D (VD) intakes are not defined in burn nutrition guidelines and studies mostly focused on ergocalciferol (VD2) supplementation in burn children. Aim of our study was to describe adult burns VD status, to measure effects of ou
PMID 24462294

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.

Bjelakovic G1, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Krstic G, Wetterslev J, Gluud C.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014 Jun 23;6:CD007469. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The evidence on whether vitamin D supplementation is effective in decreasing cancers is contradictory.OBJECTIVES: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Cont
PMID 24953955

Vitamin D3, D2 and Arterial Wall Properties in Coronary Artery Disease.

Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Oikonomou E, Maniatis K, Kioufis S, Kokkou E, Zaromitidou M, Kassi E, Miliou A, Stefanadis C1.
Current pharmaceutical design.Curr Pharm Des.2014 Jun 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives: There are two major forms of vitamin D, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). We studied the effect of the different vitamin D fractions (D3/D2) on arterial wall properties in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: We included 252 subjects with CAD. Endo
PMID 24947585

Japanese Journal

Differences in outcomes between cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol supplementation in veterans with inflammatory bowel disease

Geriatrics & gerontology international 12(3), 475-480, 2012-07-01
NAID 10030991693

脂溶性ビタミンおよび関連物質のファージ不活化作用

ビタミン 84(1), 1-6, 2010-01-25
NAID 110007521140

Selective Inhibition of Mammalian DNA Polymerase α by Vitamin D_2 and D_3

Journal of pharmacological sciences 92(3), 283-290, 2003-07-01
NAID 10011209806

「カルシフェロール」

Ergocalciferol
	IUPAC name (3β,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol
	Other names Drisdol (Sanofi-Synthelabo), Calcidol (Patrin Pharma)
Identifiers
CAS number	50-14-6
PubChem	5280793
ChemSpider	4444351
UNII	VS041H42XC
DrugBank	DB00153
KEGG	C05441
ChEBI	CHEBI:28934
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1536
ATC code	A11CC01
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES O[C@@H]1CC(\C(=C)CC1)=C\C=C2/CCC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)C)C ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1 ; Key: MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N InChI=1/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1; Key: MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZBW ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C28H44O
Molar mass	396.65 g/mol
Melting point	114–118 °C
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references