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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/28 10:16:01」(JST)
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| Epineurium |
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Transverse section of human tibial nerve. (Epineurium labeled at upper right.)
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Nerve structure
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| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
Epineurium |
| MeSH |
A08.800.800 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
e_12/12338150 |
| TA |
A14.2.00.016 |
| FMA |
12234 |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
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The epineurium is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve.[1] It usually surrounds multiple nerve fascicles as well as blood vessels which supply the nerve. Smaller branches of these blood vessels penetrate into the perineurium. In addition to blood vessels which supply the nerve, lymphocytes and fibroblasts are also present and contribute to the production of collagen fibers that form the backbone of the epineurium. In addition to providing structural support, lymphocytes and fibroblasts also play a vital role in maintenance and repair of the surrounding tissues.[2]
When the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal via an intervertebral foramen, two layers of the spinal meninges, the arachnoid and the dura invaginate the nerve to form a dural sleeve of connective tissue, which is the epineurium. The outer portion of this sleeve comprises the external epineurium which permits longitudinal nerve excursion and absorption of longitudinal stress. The layer of the epineurium that extends within the nerve to define the fascicles is termed the internal epineurium. Together, these two layers form the epineurium, which varies in thickness along the course of a nerve. [3] The epineurium is usually most abundant around joints, as its function is to protect the nerves from stretching and subsequent injury. A common surgical procedure to repair a torn nerve via the epineurium is termed an epineurial repair. [4]
See also
- Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system
- Endoneurium
References
- ^ McCracken, Thomas (1999). New Atlas of Human Anatomy. China: Metro Books. pp. 96–97. ISBN 1-5866-3097-0.
- ^ Kulkarni, GS (2009). Textbook of Orthopaedics and Trauma. India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publication. pp. 895–898. ISBN 9350908522.
- ^ Payne, Samuel H. (2001). "Nerve Repair and Grafting in the Upper Extremity". Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association. Medscape. 10 (2): 1–7. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ Saladin, Kenneth (2014). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. USA: McGraw-Hill Science. pp. 484–485. ISBN 0073403717.
External links
- Anatomy photo: nervous/pns/nerve1/nerve1 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis - "PNS, nerve (LM, Low)"
- Anatomy photo: nervous/pns/nerve2/nerve1 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis - "PNS, nerve (LM, Medium)"
- Diagram at Howard
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Nervous tissue
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| CNS |
| Tissue Types |
- Grey matter
- White matter
- Projection fibers
- Association fiber
- Commissural fiber
- Lemniscus
- Funiculus
- Fasciculus
- Nerve tract
- Decussation
- Commissure
- Neuropil
- Meninges
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| Cell Types |
| Neuronal |
- Pyramidal
- Purkinje
- Granule
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| Glial |
| insulating: |
- Myelination: Oligodendrocyte
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| other |
- Astrocyte
- Ependymal cells
- Microglia
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| PNS |
| General |
- Dorsal
- Ventral
- Ramus communicans
- Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers
- Postganglionic nerve fibers)
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| Connective tissues |
- Epineurium
- Perineurium
- Endoneurium
- Nerve fascicle
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| Neuroglia |
- Myelination: Schwann cell
- Neurolemma
- Myelin incisure
- Node of Ranvier
- Internodal segment
- Satellite glial cell
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Neurons/
nerve fibers |
| Parts |
| Soma |
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| Axon |
- Telodendron
- Axon terminals
- Axoplasm
- Axolemma
- Neurofibril/neurofilament
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| Dendrite |
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- Nissl body
- Dendritic spine
- Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite
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| Types |
- Bipolar
- Unipolar
- Pseudounipolar
- Multipolar
- Interneuron
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Afferent nerve fiber/
Sensory neuron |
- GSA
- GVA
- SSA
- SVA
- fibers
- Ia
- Ib or Golgi
- II or Aβ
- III or Aδ or fast pain
- IV or C or slow pain
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Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor neuron |
- GSE
- GVE
- SVE
- Upper motor neuron
- Lower motor neuron
- α motorneuron
- β motorneuron
- γ motorneuron
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| Termination |
| Synapse |
- Electrical synapse/Gap junction
- Chemical synapse
- Synaptic vesicle
- Active zone
- Postsynaptic density
- Autapse
- Ribbon synapse
- Neuromuscular junction
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| Sensory receptors |
- Meissner's corpuscle
- Merkel nerve ending
- Pacinian corpuscle
- Ruffini ending
- Muscle spindle
- Free nerve ending
- Nociceptor
- Olfactory receptor neuron
- Photoreceptor cell
- Hair cell
- Taste bud
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Tumefactive appearance of peripheral nerve involvement in hematologic malignancies: a new imaging association.
- Capek S1, Hébert-Blouin MN, Puffer RC, Martinoli C, Frick MA, Amrami KK, Spinner RJ.
- Skeletal radiology.Skeletal Radiol.2015 Jul;44(7):1001-9. doi: 10.1007/s00256-015-2151-3. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
- OBJECTIVE: In neurolymphomatosis (NL), the affected nerves are typically described to be enlarged and hyperintense on T2W MR sequences and to avidly enhance on gadolinium-enhanced T1WI. This pattern is highly non-specific. We recently became aware of a "tumefactive pattern" of NL, neuroleukemiosis (
- PMID 25920386
- Increased expression of HCN2 channel protein in L4 dorsal root ganglion neurons following axotomy of L5- and inflammation of L4-spinal nerves in rats.
- Smith T1, Al Otaibi M2, Sathish J1, Djouhri L3.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Jun 4;295:90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.041. Epub 2015 Mar 24.
- A hallmark of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is chronic spontaneous pain and/or hypersensitivity to normally painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) or normally nonpainful stimuli (allodynia).This pain results partly from abnormal hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We have previously
- PMID 25813712
Japanese Journal
- 三谷 壮平,鵜久森 徹,川元 日向子,眞田 朋昌,能田 淳平,脇坂 浩之,羽藤 直人
- 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 121(5), 673-678, 2018
- <p> 頸部神経鞘腫に対する手術は, 神経温存を目指した被膜間摘出術など, そのほかの一般的な頸部腫瘍に対する術式とは異なった手技を要する. 今回, 2000～2016年の間に当科で手術を施行した頸部神経鞘腫の12例について臨床的検討を行い報告する. 男性, 女性それぞれ6例ずつで, 平均年齢は46歳 (14～81歳) であった. 起源神経は, 迷走神経が4例と最多で, 交感神経, 腕 …
- NAID 130007384447
- Multiple muscular variations including tenuissimus and tensor fasciae suralis muscles in the posterior thigh of a human case
- Arakawa Takamitsu,Kondo Takahiro,Tsutsumi Masahiro,Watanabe Yuko,Terashima Toshio,Miki Akinori
- Anatomical Science International 92(4), 581-584, 2017-09
- … Peeling off the epineurium of the muscular branches to the inferior belly of muscle III showed that this nerve fascicle divided from the common trunk with branches to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. …
- NAID 120006425708
- Vasculitic Neuropathy Following Exposure to a Glyphosate-based Herbicide
- Kawagashira Yuichi,Koike Haruki,Kawabata Kazuya,Takahashi Mie,Ohyama Ken,Hashimoto Rina,Iijima Masahiro,Katsuno Masahisa,Sobue Gen
- Internal Medicine 56(11), 1431-1434, 2017
- … A sural nerve biopsy revealed the infiltration of lymphocytes around small vessels in the epineurium with numerous eosinophils, deposition of hemosiderins and focal axonal degeneration, compatible with findings of vasculitic neuropathy. …
- NAID 130006857209
Related Links
- The epineurium is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It is made of dense irregular connective tissue and usually contains multiple nerve fascicles as well as blood vessels which supply the nerve . Smaller ...
- encyclopedia ? epineurium. Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, 0.01 sec. epineurium /epi·neu·ri·um/ (-noor´e-um) the outermost layer of connective tissue of a peripheral nerve.epineu´rial. ep·i·neu·ri·um ( p -n r - m) ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- epineurium (M)
- 関
- 神経内膜、神経周膜
- 末梢神経の結合組織性の被膜のうちの一つ (HIS.175)
- 最外層にあって神経を取り囲む膜 (HIS.176)
- 一部に太い弾性線維を含む密不規則線維性結合組織 (HIS.176)
- 引っ張り強さを与えている
- 神経上膜の内部には、結合組織、血管、神経周膜を含む
