"Tombs" redirects here. For other uses, see Tombs (disambiguation).
"Sepulchre" redirects here. For other uses, see Sepulchre (disambiguation).
Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah, Agra
Tomb of Akbar in Akbar's Tomb
A type of tomb: a mausoleum in Père Lachaise Cemetery.
The Pyramid tomb of Khufu
The Ohel, gravesite of the Lubavitcher Rebbes Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn and Menachem Mendel Schneerson, and a place of pilgrimage, prayer, and meditation
Tombs and sarcophagi at Hierapolis
A tomb (from Greek: τύμβοςtumbos)[1] is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes. Placing a corpse into a tomb can be called immurement, and is a method of final disposition, as an alternative to for example cremation or burial.
Overview
The word is used in a broad sense to encompass a number of such types of places of interment or, occasionally, burial, including:
Architectural shrines – in Christianity, an architectural shrine above a saint's first place of burial, as opposed to a similar shrine on which stands a reliquary or feretory into which the saint's remains have been transferred
Burial vault – a stone or brick-lined underground space for multiple burials, originally vaulted, often privately owned for specific family groups; usually beneath a religious building such as a church or in a churchyard or cemetery
Church monument – within a church (or a tomb-style chest in a churchyard) may be a place of interment, but this is unusual; it may more commonly stand over the grave or burial vault rather than containing the actual body and therefore is not a tomb.
Crypts – often, though not always, for interment; similar to burial vaults but usually for more general public interment
Hypogeum tomb - stone-built underground structure for interment, such as the tombs of ancient Egypt
Kokh (tomb) – a rectangular rock-cut sloping space, running inward, like tunnels into rock, sufficiently high and wide to permit the admission of a corpse
Martyrium – Mausoleum for the remains of martyrs, such as San Pietro in Montorio
Mausoleum (including ancient pyramid in some countries) – external free-standing structure, above ground, acting as both monument and place of interment, usually for individuals or a family group
Megalithic tomb (including Chamber tomb) – prehistoric place of interment, often for large communities, constructed of large stones and originally covered with an earthen mound
Ohel, a structure built around the grave or graves of Hasidic Rebbes, prominent rabbis, Jewish community leaders, and biblical figures in Israel and the diaspora
Pillar tomb – a monumental grave. Its central feature is a single, prominent pillar or column, often made of stone.
Rock-cut tomb – a form widespread in the ancient world, in which the tomb is not built but carved out of the rock and can be a free-standing building but is more commonly a cave, which may be extensive and may or may not have an elaborate facade.
Sarcophagus – a stone container for a body or coffin, often decorated and perhaps part of a monument; it may stand within a religious building or greater tomb or mausoleum.
Sepulchre – a cavernous rock-cut space for interment, generally in the Jewish or Christian faiths (cf. Holy Sepulchre).[2]
Samadhi – in India a tomb for a deceased saint that often has a larger building over it as a shrine
Other forms of archaeological "tombs", such as ship burials
Tumulus – (plural: tumuli) A mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgräber or kurgans', and can be found throughout much of the world. A cairn (a mound of stones built for various purposes), might also be originally a tumulus. A long barrow is a long tumulus, usually for numbers of burials.
As indicated, tombs are generally located in or under religious buildings, such as churches, or in cemeteries or churchyards. However, they may also be found in catacombs, on private land or, in the case of early or pre-historic tombs, in what is today open landscape.
The Daisen Kofun, the tomb of Emperor Nintoku (the 16th Emperor of Japan), is the largest in the world by area.[3] However, the Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt is the largest by volume.
See also
Cadaver tomb
Church monument
Death in Norse paganism
English church monuments
Funerary art
Grave
Ossuary
Necropolis
List of burial places of presidents and vice presidents of the United States
List of extant papal tombs
List of mausolea
List of non-extant papal tombs
List of tombs and mausoleums
Ziyarat - literally, "visitation"; the Islamic practice of making pilgrimage to graves and sites associated with religious figures:
Dargah
Türbe
Zawiya
Rawdah
The Green Dome of the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina, which is built above the graves of the Prophet Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and Umar.
Notable examples:
Dartmoor kistvaens
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Great Pyramids
Taj Mahal
Tomb of Alexander the Great
Tomb of Genghis Khan
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
Catacombs of Paris
Catacombs of Rome
The Panthéon
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which contains the empty tomb of Jesus, where according to early christian tradition he was buried and resurrected.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
United Kingdom: The Unknown Warrior
France: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier beneath the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile
United States: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery
Iraq: Monument to the Unknown Soldier
Russia: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Alexander Garden, Moscow
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tombs.
^τύμβος,
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^Morana, Martin (2011). Bejn Kliem u Storja (in Maltese). Malta: Books Distributors Limited. p. 211. ISBN 978-99957-0137-6. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016.
^Merueñas, Mark (4 November 2012). "Where emperors sleep: Japan's keyhole-shaped burial mounds". GMA News Online. Retrieved 11 January 2017. The Nintoku-ryo tumulus is one of almost 50 tumuli collectively known as "Mozu Kofungun" clustered around the city, and covers the largest area of any tomb in the world.
Authority control
GND: 4021732-2
LCCN: sh00006371
NARA: 10643845
NDL: 00563668
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
…patients with CIS was examined in a meta-analysis published in 2008 that identified three trials (ETOMS, CHAMPS, and BENEFIT) with a total of 1160 patients (639 treatment and 521 placebo) . The probability …
English Journal
Terrestrial Hot Spring Systems: Introduction.
Des Marais DJ, Walter MR.
Astrobiology. 2019 Aug;().
This report reviews how terrestrial hot spring systems can sustain diverse and abundant microbial communities and preserve their fossil records. Hot springs are dependable water sources, even in arid environments. They deliver reduced chemical species and other solutes to more oxidized surface envir
Dental materials used in root canal treatment have undergone substantial improvements over the past decade. However, one area that still remains to be addressed is the ability of root canal fillings to effectively entomb, kill bacteria, and prevent the formation of a biofilm, all of which will preve
Anatomical defences against bark beetles relate to degree of historical exposure between species and are allocated independently of chemical defences within trees.
Conifers possess chemical and anatomical defences against tree-killing bark beetles that feed in their phloem. Resins accumulating at attack sites can delay and entomb beetles while toxins reach lethal levels. Trees with high concentrations of metabolites active against bark beetle-microbial complex
