WordNet

commit a sin; violate a law of God or a moral law (同)transgress, trespass
violent and excited activity; "they began to fight like sin" (同)hell
estrangement from god (同)sinfulness, wickedness
an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of Gods will (同)sinning
the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet
any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull
the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems (同)entoderm, endoblast, entoblast, hypoblast
an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose (同)tumour, neoplasm

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(宗教・道徳上の)『罪』 / 〈C〉(宗教・道徳上の)『罪の行為』,罪悪 / 〈C〉《特におどけて》違反(過失)の行為 / (宗教・道徳上の)おきてを破る,罪を犯す / (…に)違反(過失)をする,背く《+『against』+『名』》
sine
洞(どう)(骨や組織の中の穴・くぼみなど);静脈洞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/02 05:12:08」(JST)

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Endodermal sinus tumor (EST), also known as yolk sac tumor (YST), is a member of the germ cell tumor group of cancers. It is the most common testicular tumor in children under 3, and is also known as infantile embryonal carcinoma. This age group has a very good prognosis. In contrast to the pure form typical of infants, adult endodermal sinus tumors are often found in combination with other kinds of germ cell tumor, particularly teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. While pure teratoma is usually benign, endodermal sinus tumor is malignant.

Diagnosis

The histology of EST is variable, but usually includes malignant endodermal cells. These cells secrete alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be detected in tumor tissue, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and, in the rare case of fetal EST, in amniotic fluid. When there is incongruence between biopsy and AFP test results for EST, the result indicating presence of EST dictates treatment.^[1] This is because EST often occurs as small "malignant foci" within a larger tumor, usually teratoma, and biopsy is a sampling method; biopsy of the tumor may reveal only teratoma, whereas elevated AFP reveals that EST is also present. GATA-4, a transcription factor, also may be useful in the diagnosis of EST.^[2]

Diagnosis of EST in pregnant women and in infants is complicated by the extremely high levels of AFP in those two groups. Tumor surveillance by monitoring AFP requires accurate correction for gestational age in pregnant women, and age in infants.^{[citation needed]} In pregnant women, this can be achieved simply by testing maternal serum AFP rather than tumor marker AFP. In infants, the tumor marker test is used, but must be interpreted using a reference table or graph of normal AFP in infants.

Pathology

EST can have a multitude of morphologic patterns including: reticular, endodermal sinus-like, microcystic, papillary, solid, glandular, alveolar, polyvesicular vitelline, enteric and hepatoid.

Schiller-Duval bodies on histology are pathognomonic and seen in the context of the endodermal sinus-like pattern.

Treatment

Most treatments involve some combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Treatment with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin has been described.^[3]

Before modern chemotherapy, this type of neoplasm was highly lethal, but the prognosis has significantly improved since.

When treated promptly with surgery and chemotherapy, death from endodermal sinus tumors is exceedingly rare.^[4]

References

^ Luther N, Edgar MA, Dunkel IJ, Souweidane MM (Aug 2006). "Correlation of endoscopic biopsy with tumor marker status in primary intracranial germ cell tumors.". J. Neurooncol. 79 (1): 45–50. doi:10.1007/s11060-005-9110-0. PMID 16598424.
^ Siltanen S, Anttonen M, Heikkilä P, Narita N, Laitinen M, Ritvos O, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M (Dec 1999). "Transcription Factor GATA-4 Is Expressed in Pediatric Yolk Sac Tumors". Am. J. Pathol. 155 (6): 1823–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65500-9. PMC 1866939. PMID 10595911.
^ Motegi M, Takakura S, Takano H, Tanaka T, Ochiai K (February 2007). "Adjuvant chemotherapy in a pregnant woman with endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary". Obstet Gynecol 109 (2 Pt2): 537–40. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000245450.62758.47. PMID 17267887.
^ Prepubertal Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors at eMedicine

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 卵巣胚細胞腫瘍：病理、臨床症状、および診断 ovarian germ cell neoplasms pathology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 卵巣の悪性胚細胞腫瘍の治療 treatment of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary
3. 精巣腫瘍の解剖学および病理 anatomy and pathology of testicular tumors
4. 縦隔および後腹膜を含む性腺外胚細胞腫瘍 extragonadal germ cell tumors involving the mediastinum and retroperitoneum
5. 縦隔腫瘍の病理 pathology of mediastinal tumors

English Journal

Testicular yolk sac tumor of myxomatous, reticular, and polyvesicular vitelline type in a newborn calf.

Sakaguchi K, Matsuda K, Suzuki H, Yamamoto N, Kondo Y, Ando T, Koiwa M, Kagawa Y, Taniyama H.SourceDepartments of Veterinary Pathology (Sakaguchi, Matsuda, Suzuki, Yamamoto, Kondo, Taniyama), School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2013 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare neoplasms of germ cell origin. In humans, the tumors primarily occur in the testes or ovaries, but occasionally develop at other sites. The neoplastic cells of YSTs form many histological patterns resembling embryonal structures, and the World Health Organization clas
PMID 24153035

GATA3: A Multispecific But Potentially Useful Marker in Surgical Pathology: A Systematic Analysis of 2500 Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tumors.

Miettinen M, McCue PA, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Rys J, Czapiewski P, Wazny K, Langfort R, Waloszczyk P, Biernat W, Lasota J, Wang Z.Source*Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD †Department of Pathology, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University and University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA ‡Department of Pathology/Haartman Institute and HusLab, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland §Department of Tumor Pathology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow Branch ∥Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk ¶Department of Pathology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw #Independent Laboratory of Pathology, Zdunomed, Szczecin, Poland.
The American journal of surgical pathology.Am J Surg Pathol.2013 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
GATA3 is a transcription factor important in the differentiation of breast epithelia, urothelia, and subsets of T lymphocytes. It has been suggested to be useful in the evaluation of carcinomas of mammary or urothelial origin or metastatic carcinomas, but its distribution in normal and neoplastic ti
PMID 24145643

Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of Ovary.

Shobhanatalukdar, Suneshkumar, Bhatla N, Mathur S, Thulkar S, Kumar L.SourceDepartment of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Gynecologic oncology.Gynecol Oncol.2013 Oct 18. pii: S0090-8258(13)01254-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.009. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: In order to preserve fertility, we attempted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT) with advance and bulky disease. Patients and Methods Between January, 1988 and December, 2009 23 patients received NACT. Patient's median age was 19years,
PMID 24145115

Japanese Journal

Primary vulvar endodermal sinus tumor : A case report and review of the literature

KURUCU Nilgun,KOSUCU Polat,IMAMOGLU Mustafa,COBANOGLU Umit
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 53(3), 396-399, 2011-06-01
NAID 10029558578

Ruptured ovarian endodermal sinus tumor diagnosed during pregnancy : Case report and review of the literature

BENJAPIBAL Mongkol,CHAOPOTONG Pattama,LEELAPHATANADIT Chairatana,JAISHUEN Atthapon
The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 36(5), 1137-1141, 2010-10-01
NAID 10031121760

P4-259 閉経後女性の外陰に発生したendodermal sinus tumorの治療と長期予後(Group123 その他の良性・悪性腫瘍5,一般演題,第60回日本産科婦人科学会学術講演会)

成川希,丹羽憲司,伊藤直樹,今井篤志
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 60(2), 870, 2008-02-01
NAID 110006805931

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「卵黄嚢腫瘍」「EST」「内胚葉洞腫瘍」
関連記事	「endodermal」「tumor」

「卵黄嚢腫瘍」

Endodermal sinus tumor
	Classification and external resources
	Micrograph showing the yolk sac component of a mixed germ cell tumour. H&E stain.
ICD-O:	M9071/3
DiseasesDB	4248
MeSH	D018240

　　[★]

英: yolk sac tumor, yolk sac carcinoma
同: 内胚葉洞腫瘍 endodermal sinus tumor EST、卵黄嚢癌 yolk sac carcinoma、ヨークザック腫瘍
関: 胚細胞腫瘍

胚細胞腫瘍 germ cell tumors

精巣腫瘍

卵黄嚢腫瘍

概念

(女性)卵巣では若年者に好発し、悪性度は高い
(男性)精巣では乳幼児に多く、予後は比較的良好

小児精巣腫瘍の約60%を占める

血液検査ではAFP上昇を認める。

「EST」

　　[★]

「内胚葉洞腫瘍」

　　[★]

英: endodermal sinus tumor, EST
関: 卵黄嚢腫瘍

「endodermal」

　　[★]

adj.

内胚葉の、内皮性の

関: endoderm

「tumor」

　　[★]

n.

腫瘍、腫瘤、腫脹

[pmid16598424-1] Luther N, Edgar MA, Dunkel IJ, Souweidane MM (Aug 2006). "Correlation of endoscopic biopsy with tumor marker status in primary intracranial germ cell tumors.". J. Neurooncol. 79 (1): 45–50. doi:10.1007/s11060-005-9110-0. PMID 16598424.

[pmid10595911-2] Siltanen S, Anttonen M, Heikkilä P, Narita N, Laitinen M, Ritvos O, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M (Dec 1999). "Transcription Factor GATA-4 Is Expressed in Pediatric Yolk Sac Tumors". Am. J. Pathol. 155 (6): 1823–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65500-9. PMC 1866939. PMID 10595911.

[pmid17267887-3] Motegi M, Takakura S, Takano H, Tanaka T, Ochiai K (February 2007). "Adjuvant chemotherapy in a pregnant woman with endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary". Obstet Gynecol 109 (2 Pt2): 537–40. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000245450.62758.47. PMID 17267887.

[4] Prepubertal Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors at eMedicine

匿名

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案内

案内

endodermal sinus tumor