encumbrance

　 　

WordNet

1. a charge against property (as a lien or mortgage) (同)incumbrance

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 妨害,障害 / 厄介もの,重荷 / 不動産の負債(抵当権など)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/23 04:15:13」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

An encumbrance is a right to, interest in, or legal liability on real property that does not prohibit passing title to the property but that diminishes its value. Encumbrances can be classified in several ways. They may be financial (ex: liens) or non-financial (ex: easements, private restrictions). Alternatively, they may be divided into those that affect title (ex: lien, legal or equitable charge) or those that affect the use or physical condition of the encumbered property (ex: restrictions, easements, encroachments). Encumbrances include security interests, liens, servitudes (e.g. easements, wayleaves, real covenants, profits a prendre), leases, restrictions, encroachments, and air and subsurface rights. Also, those considered as potentially making the title defeasible are encumbrances, e.g. charging orders, building orders and structure alteration.

Jurisdictions

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, there is statutory definition of "encumbrance". In Conveyancing and Property Ordinance (Cap. 219) it reads: ""encumbrance" (產權負擔) includes a legal and equitable mortgage, a trust for securing money, a lien, a charge of a portion, annuity, or other capital or annual sum; and "encumbrancer" (產權負擔人) has a meaning corresponding with that of "encumbrance" and includes every person entitled to the benefit of an encumbrance, or to require payment and discharge thereof".

Other uses

Colleges

It is also a term used by colleges and universities to describe limitations placed on a student's account due to late payment, late registration, or other reasons stated by the institution. An encumbrance can prohibit students from registering for classes, affect the release of their transcripts, or delay the reception of their diplomas.

Accounting

In management accounting, encumbrance is a management tool used to reflect commitments in the accounting system and attempt to prevent overspending. Encumbrances allow organizations to recognize future commitments of resources prior to an actual expenditure.

Pre-encumbrance

Amount expected to spend, but for which there is no legal obligation to spend. A requisition is a typical pre-encumbrance transaction.

Encumbrance

Amount for which there is a legal obligation to spend in the future. A purchase order is a typical encumbrance transaction.

Expenditure

Amount for which there has been an expenditure of funds. An expenditure is recorded in Commitment Control for both vouchers payable and journal entries.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• Penile appearance after hypospadias correction from a parent's point of view: Comparison of the hypospadias objective penile evaluation score and parents penile perception score.

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Japanese Journal

• 高圧送電線--近接性、可視性、権利制限の影響 (海外論壇 The Appraisal Journal (Summer 2009))

• Chalmers J. A.,Voorvaart F. A.,内田 輝明 [他訳]
• 不動産研究 52(1), 86-88, 2010-01-00
• NAID 40016954533

• 足枷から資源へ--ユタ評価の重層性

• 濱 雄亮
• サイバー大学紀要 (3), 67-87, 2010-00-00
• NAID 40018833744

• 調音結合モデルを用いた母音交換に基づく話者変換法(音声変換,認識,理解,対話,一般)

• 山本 達也,室伏 空,森島 繁生
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SP, 音声 109(139), 37-42, 2009-07-10
• 合成音声の声質変換技術として研究されている統計的スペクトル変換法は、ターゲットとなる話者から事前に発話データを取得する必要があり、多くの発話データを得ることによってより品質の高い話者変換が可能になることが知られている。しかし一方でターゲットとなる話者から膨大な発話データを得ることは話者にとって大きな負担となる。一方、母音交換法による話者変換はターゲットとなる話者から母音のみを取得してあらゆる発話内 …
• NAID 110007358748

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