WordNet

any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer

PrepTutorEJDIC

がん,がん腫

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/27 13:37:35」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Embryonal carcinoma is a relatively uncommon type of germ cell tumour that occurs in the ovaries and testes.

Ovarian embryonal carcinoma

In the ovary, embryonal carcinoma is quite rare, amounting to approximately three percent of ovarian germ cell tumours. The median age at diagnosis is 15 years. Symptoms and signs are varied, and may include sexual precocity and abnormal (increased, reduced or absent) uterine bleeding.^[1]

There may be elevations in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels but it would be in association with other tumors, (e.g. yolk sac tumor) because they themselves do not produce the serum markers.^[2] At surgery, there is extension of the tumour beyond the ovary in forty percent of cases. They are generally large, unilateral tumours, with a median diameter of 17 centimetres. Long-term survival has improved following the advent of chemotherapy.^[1] The gross and histologic features of this tumour are similar to that seen in the testis.

Testicular embryonal carcinoma

In the testis pure embryonal carcinoma is also uncommon, and accounts for approximately ten percent of testicular germ cell tumours. However, it is present as a component of almost ninety percent of mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumours. The average age at diagnosis is 31 years, and typically presents as a testicular lump which may be painful. One fifth to two thirds of patients with tumours composed predominantly of embryonal carcinoma have metastases at diagnosis.^[1]

Clinical symptoms and signs

The presenting features may be a palpable testicular mass or asymmetric testicular enlargement in some cases. The tumour may present as signs and symptoms relating to the presence of widespread metastases, without any palpable lump in the testis. The clinical features associated with metastasising embryonal carcinoma may include low back pain, dyspnoea, cough, haemoptysis, haematemesis and neurologic abnormalities.^[1]

Males with embryonal carcinoma tend to have a normal range serum AFP. The finding of elevated AFP is more suggestive of a mixed germ cell tumour, with the AFP being released by a yolk sac tumour component.

Pathologic features

Embryonal carcinoma. H&E stain.

The gross examination usually shows a two to three centimetre pale grey, poorly defined tumour with associated haemorrhage and necrosis.^[3]

The microscopic features include: indistinct cell borders, mitoses, a variable architecture (tubulopapillary, glandular, solid, embryoid bodies - ball of cells surrounded by empty space on three sides), nuclear overlap, and necrosis.

Solid (55%), glandular (17%), and papillary (11%) are the most common primary patterns (predominant architectural pattern occupying at least 50%). Other less common primary patterns included nested (3%), micropapillary (2%), anastomosing glandular (1%), sieve-like glandular (<1%), pseudopapillary (<1%), and blastocyst-like (<1%).^[4]

Testicular embryonal carcinoma occurs mostly (84%) as a component of a mixed germ cell tumor, but 16% are pure. Occasionally, embryonal carcinoma develops predominantly in the context of polyembryoma-like (6%) and diffuse embryoma-like ("necklace" pattern) (3%) proliferations.^[4]

Morphological differential diagnosis

An important key to distinguish it from other tumors, such as seminoma (vacuolated), teratocarcinoma (3 differentiated germ layers), yolk sac tumor (Schiller-Duval bodies), and the Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (strings of glands), is that the embryonal carcinoma cells are "trying" to evolve into their next stage of development. So in the testicle, they are often observed as blue cells attempting to form primitive tubules.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mills, S (ed.) 2009. Sternberg's Diagnostic Pathology. 5th Edition. ISBN 978-0-7817-7942-5
^ Robbins Review of Pathology By Edward C. Klatt and Vinay Kumar, 300 pp, with illus, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 2000.
^ Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (2010). Basic Pathology. Elsevier. pp. 696–697. ISBN 978-81-312-1036-9.
^ ^a ^b Kao, C. S.; Ulbright, T. M.; Young, R. H.; Idrees, M. T. (2014). "Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma: A Morphologic Study of 180 Cases Highlighting Unusual and Unemphasized Aspects". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 38 (5): 1. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000171. PMID 24503753.
^ http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/MALEHTML/MALE092.html

External links

Embryonal Carcinoma-Testis. The Doctor's Doctor. 19 July 2004. Thedoctorsdoctor.com. 26 October 2005
Embryonal Carcinoma Definition. MedicineNet.com. 10 March 2004. MedicineNet.com. 26 October 2005

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 精巣腫瘍の解剖学および病理 anatomy and pathology of testicular tumors
2. 精巣胚細胞腫瘍の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors
3. 卵巣胚細胞腫瘍：病理、臨床症状、および診断 ovarian germ cell neoplasms pathology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. ステージIの非セミノーマ胚細胞性腫瘍の管理 management of stage i nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
5. 精巣胚細胞腫瘍における血清腫瘍マーカー serum tumor markers in testicular germ cell tumors

English Journal

Mitochondrial biogenesis and energy production in differentiating murine stem cells: a functional metabolic study.

Han S, Auger C, Thomas SC, Beites CL, Appanna VD.Author information 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada .AbstractAbstract The significance of metabolic networks in guiding the fate of the stem cell differentiation is only beginning to emerge. Oxidative metabolism has been suggested to play a major role during this process. Therefore, it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of metabolic alterations occurring in stem cells to manipulate the ultimate outcome of these pluripotent cells. Here, using P19 murine embryonal carcinoma cells as a model system, the role of mitochondrial biogenesis and the modulation of metabolic networks during dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation are revealed. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) technology aided in profiling key enzymes, such as hexokinase (HK) [EC 2.7.1.1], glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) [EC 5.3.1.9], pyruvate kinase (PK) [EC 2.7.1.40], Complex I [EC 1.6.5.3], and Complex IV [EC 1.9.3.1], that are involved in the energy budget of the differentiated cells. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production was shown to be increased in DMSO-treated cells upon exposure to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle substrates, such as succinate and malate. The increased mitochondrial activity and biogenesis were further confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Collectively, the results indicate that oxidative energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis were sharply upregulated in DMSO-differentiated P19 cells. This functional metabolic and proteomic study provides further evidence that modulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism is a pivotal component of the cellular differentiation process and may dictate the final destiny of stem cells.
Cellular reprogramming.Cell Reprogram.2014 Feb;16(1):84-90. doi: 10.1089/cell.2013.0049. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
Abstract The significance of metabolic networks in guiding the fate of the stem cell differentiation is only beginning to emerge. Oxidative metabolism has been suggested to play a major role during this process. Therefore, it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of metabolic alteratio
PMID 24350892

microRNA-383 impairs phosphorylation of H2AX by targeting PNUTS and inducing cell cycle arrest in testicular embryonal carcinoma cells.

Huang H1, Tian H1, Duan Z1, Cao Y2, Zhang XS3, Sun F4.Author information 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.2Reproduction Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.3Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.4Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. Electronic address: feisun@ustc.edu.cn.AbstractMale germ cells with aberrant DNA damage are the weighted factor contributing to male infertility. Mounting evidence shows that DNA damage in male germ cells impairs spermatogenesis and lowers fecundity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulating expression of multiple genes play a significant role in spermatogenesis. Our previous results have shown that microRNA-383 (miR-383) is one of the notable down-regulated microRNAs in the testes of sterile males with maturation arrest (MA) and is located predominantly in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. However, the role that miR-383 plays in DNA damage during spermatogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-383 inhibited the focal formation and abundance of γH2AX, which is the major marker of sites of DNA damage, with or without ultraviolet irradiation and cisplatin in testicular embryonal carcinoma (NT-2) cells. In addition, NT-2 cells were remarkably sensitized to DNA damage reagent (cisplatin) by forcing expression of miR-383 and silencing expression of protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 10 (PNUTS). By constructing Renilla luciferase reporters and co-transfecting miR-383 and reporters in NT-2 cells, we identified that PNUTS was a valid target of miR-383. Further results demonstrated that the repression of the phosphorylated form of H2AX by miR-383 was due to independent depletion of PNUTS and cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, we found a novel function of miR-383 in the DNA damage pathway. miR-383 impairs the phosphorylation of H2AX by targeting PNUTS and inducing cell cycle arrest independently, as well as sensitizing NT-2 cells to cisplatin.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2014 Jan 22. pii: S0898-6568(14)00035-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.016. [Epub ahead of print]
Male germ cells with aberrant DNA damage are the weighted factor contributing to male infertility. Mounting evidence shows that DNA damage in male germ cells impairs spermatogenesis and lowers fecundity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulating expression of multiple genes play a significant role in spermatoge
PMID 24462707

SHP-1 Arrests Mouse Early Embryo Development through Downregulation of Nanog by Dephosphorylation of STAT3.

Yin S1, Wu H1, Lv J1, Wu X1, Zhang Y1, Du J2, Zhang Y1.Author information 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.2Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China ; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.AbstractSrc-homology protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is implicated in the regulation of growth, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and proliferation of hematopoietic cells and other cell types. Here, we found that SHP-1 is involved in regulation of early embryonic development. Embryos overexpressing SHP-1 were mainly arrested at the 8-cell stage, and Nanog mRNA expression was first observed in the morulae that showed down-regulation of SHP-1. These results suggested an antagonistic relationship between SHP-1 and Nanog during early embryonic development. Next, the specific mechanism was examined in mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. We confirmed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was a substrate for SHP-1 by co-immunoprecipitation. Using overexpression and knockdown strategies, we found that SHP-1 participated in regulation of Nanog expression. Furthermore, site mutation of STAT3 was performed to confirm that SHP-1 was responsible for rapid STAT3 dephosphorylation and a decrease of Nanog expression in F9 cells. These findings suggest that SHP-1 plays a crucial role during early embryonic development. Thus, SHP-1 may function as a key regulator for Nanog that specifically demarcates the nascent epiblast, coincident with the domain of X chromosome reprogramming.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Jan 21;9(1):e86330. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086330. eCollection 2014.
Src-homology protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is implicated in the regulation of growth, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and proliferation of hematopoietic cells and other cell types. Here, we found that SHP-1 is involved in regulation of early embry
PMID 24466030

Japanese Journal

Simultaneous induction of calcium transients in embryoid bodies using microfabricated electrode substrates

TAKAYAMA Yuzo,SAITO Atsushi,MORIGUCHI Hiroyuki,KOTANI Kiyoshi,SUZUKI Takafumi,MABUCHI Kunihiko,JIMBO Yasuhiko
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 112(6), 624-629, 2011-12-25
NAID 10030100250

Simultaneous induction of calcium transients in embryoid bodies using microfabricated electrode substrates(CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING)

Takayama Yuzo,Saito Atsushi,Moriguchi Hiroyuki,Kotani Kiyoshi,Suzuki Takafumi,Mabuchi Kunihiko,Jimbo Yasuhiko
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 112(6), 624-629, 2011-12
… Mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells can be induced to differentiate into three germ layers and serve as a promising stem cell model. …
NAID 110008897340

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「084A048」
リンク元	「胚細胞腫瘍」「胎児性癌」「胚性がん腫」「胎芽性癌」
拡張検索	「embryonal carcinoma cell」「embryonal carcinoma stem cell」
関連記事	「embryonal」

「084A048」

Embryonal carcinoma
	Micrograph of an embryonal carcinoma showing its typical features - prominent nucleoli, marked nuclear atypia, necrosis, and nuclear overlap. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
ICD-O	M9070/3-9072
MeSH	D018236
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

妊娠・分娩歴が診断上時に重要なのはどれ

「胚細胞腫瘍」

　　[★]

英: germ cell tumor GCT, germ cell tumors GCTs
同: 生殖細胞腫瘍、胚細胞性腫瘍、胚細胞腫
関

脳における胚細胞腫瘍(SCN.194)

好発部位(SCN.194)

松果体部(53%)、トルコ鞍上部(20%)、大脳基底核(5.5%)　←　正中線上に多い傾向
ジャーミノーマはトルコ鞍上部が多い

疫学(SCN.194)

西欧と比べ、アジア、特に日本で多い。
原発性脳腫瘍の約3%を占める
小児に多い。小児脳腫瘍の15%を占める
松果体に発生する腫瘍：男性に多い
トルコ鞍上部に発生する腫瘍：性差無し

症状(SCN.194)

松果体部腫瘍：中脳水道を閉塞→水頭症。視蓋前野、上丘を圧迫→Parinaud症候群、Argyll Robertson pupil
トルコ鞍上部腫瘍：尿崩症、視力・視野障害、下垂体前葉機能障害
基底核部腫瘍：片麻痺、不随運動、けいれん

「胎児性癌」

　　[★]

英: embryonal carcinoma
ラ: carcinoma embryonale
同: 胎生癌、胚性癌腫、胎生期癌、胎生癌
関: 卵巣胎児性癌、悪性胚細胞腫瘍

「胚性がん腫」

　　[★]

英: embryonal carcinoma
関: 胚性癌腫、胎児性癌

「胎芽性癌」

　　[★]

英: embryonal carcinoma
関: 胎児性癌

「embryonal carcinoma cell」

　　[★]

胚性癌細胞、胚性癌腫細胞

関: embryonal cancer cell、embryonal carcinoma stem cell

「embryonal carcinoma stem cell」

　　[★]

胚性腫瘍幹細胞

関: embryonal carcinoma cell

「embryonal」

　　[★]

adj.

胚性の、胎生期の、胎児性の

関: embryonic、embryonic day、embryonic stage、embryonically、fetal、fetal stage

[Sternberg-1] Mills, S (ed.) 2009. Sternberg's Diagnostic Pathology. 5th Edition. ISBN 978-0-7817-7942-5

[2] Robbins Review of Pathology By Edward C. Klatt and Vinay Kumar, 300 pp, with illus, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 2000.

[Robbins-3] Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (2010). Basic Pathology. Elsevier. pp. 696–697. ISBN 978-81-312-1036-9.

[pmid24503753-4] Kao, C. S.; Ulbright, T. M.; Young, R. H.; Idrees, M. T. (2014). "Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma: A Morphologic Study of 180 Cases Highlighting Unusual and Unemphasized Aspects". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 38 (5): 1. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000171. PMID 24503753.

[5] ttp://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/MALEHTML/MALE092.html

v t e Germ cell tumors (ICD-O 9060–9119) (C45–C49/D17–D21, 171/214–215)

Germinomatous	Germinoma Seminoma Dysgerminoma

Nongerminomatous	Embryonal carcinoma Endodermal sinus tumor/Yolk sac tumor Teratoma: Fetus in fetu Dermoid cyst Struma ovarii Strumal carcinoid Trophoblastic neoplasm: Gestational trophoblastic disease Hydatidiform mole Choriocarcinoma Placental site trophoblastic tumor Polyembryoma Gonadoblastoma

匿名

検索

案内

案内

embryonal carcinoma