WordNet

to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player
pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life; "She died from cancer"; "The children perished in the fire"; "The patient went peacefully"; "The old guy kicked the bucket at the age of 102" (同)decease, perish, go, exit, pass_away, expire, pass, kick the bucket, cash in one''s chips, buy the farm, conk, give-up the ghost, drop dead, pop_off, choke, croak, snuff it
disappear or come to an end; "Their anger died"; "My secret will die with me!"
suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense); "Whosoever..believes in me shall never die"
a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers (同)dice
a cutting tool that is fitted into a diestock and used for cutting male (external) screw threads on screws or bolts or pipes or rods
a device used for shaping metal
cut or shape with a die; "Die out leather for belts" (同)die_out
lose sparkle or bouquet; "wine and beer can pall" (同)pall, become flat
be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion such as embarrassment, amusement, or shame; "I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered"; "We almost died laughing during the show"
feel indifferent towards; "She died to worldly things and eventually entered a monastery"
languish as with love or desire; "She dying for a cigarette"; "I was dying to leave"
suffer or face the pain of death; "Martyrs may die every day for their faith"
a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone
one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe; "the alchemists believed that there were four elements"
the situation in which you are happiest and most effective; "in your element"
the most favorable environment for a plant or animal; "water is the element of fishes"
follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons; "He has high blood pressure and must stick to a low-salt diet"
the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods) (同)dieting
a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Japan)
a prescribed selection of foods
the usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
eat sparingly, for health reasons or to lose weight
relating to severe atmospheric conditions; "a race against hail or cold rains or some other elemental catastrophe"- J.K.Howard
relating to or being an element; "elemental sulphur"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈人・動物が〉『死ぬ』,〈植物が〉『枯れる』 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈音・光・風などが〉消えてゆく《+『away』》;〈火・感情などが〉次第に収まる《+『down』》;〈家系・習慣などが〉絶えてなくなる《+『out』》 / 〈機械が〉動かなくなる,止まる / 《話》《進行形で》死ぬほど望む
さい,さいころ / ダイス,雄ねじ切り / (貨幣・メダルなどの)打ち型,打ち抜き型
〈C〉(物質を構成する)元素 / 〈C〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》(…の)(基本的な)『要素』,『成分』;《しばしば複数形で》構成分子 / 〈C〉(生物に固有の)生息場所,環境;(人の)適所,本領 / 〈C〉《古》四大(しだい)[元素](自然界の基本的構成要素と考えられていた地(earth)・水(water)・風(air)・火(fire)の4大要素の一つ) / 《the elements》(雨・風・雪などの)自然力・風雨,(特に)悪天候 / 《the elements》(学問の)原理,初歩,概論
(日本・デンマーク・スウェーデンなどの)『議会』,国会
(日常の)『飲食物』,常食 / (健康・体重調節などのための)『規定食』,制限食 / (健康増進などのために)〈人〉‘に'規定食を取らせる / 規定食を取る,食物を制限する
『自然の力による』,自然の / (感情などが)自然の,抑制されない / 『基本的成分の』,要素の / 《古》四大(element)の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/15 19:40:52」(JST)

wiki en

An elemental diet is a diet that proposes the ingestion or in more severe cases, use of a gastric feeding tube or intravenous feeding of liquid nutrients in an easily assimilated form. It is usually composed of amino acids, fats, sugars, vitamins, and minerals. This diet, however, lacks whole or partial protein due to its ability to cause an allergic reaction in some people.

Uses

The elemental diet is used mainly in the treatment of individuals with Crohn's disease as a form of nutritional therapy. Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease causing inflammation of any area of the gastrointestinal tract and is able to occur in people of all ages, but often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 30.^[1] The most common indication of having Crohn's is blockage of the intestine, and sores and ulcers around the area of the infected tissue. This includes the bladder, vagina, rectum, and anus. Other problems may also include skin problems, arthritis, and inflammation of the mouth or eyes.^[1]

Nutritional problems that result from Crohn's are due to inflammation of the small intestine that cause diarrhea. This leads to malabsorption of important nutrients in the small intestine, causing malnutrition, fever, fatigue, and weight loss.^[2]^[3]

The elemental diet consists of a mixture of essential amino acids with non-essential amino acids. 90% of the energy from the diet comes from the monosaccharide glucose, and there is less than 1% of fat. Water soluble vitamins, fat soluble vitamins, and electrolytes are often added.^[4] The elemental diet is commonly introduced over a period of three days to patients, successively increasing in strength on each day to reduce the likelihood of diarrhea and abdominal colic.^[5]^[6] It can be given orally or through nasogastric tubes if patients are intolerant to the liquid.

Patients are restricted of all foods; however, certain exceptions in some patients are made for tea and coffee (without milk) and given Vivonex as the elemental diet. Other elemental diets such as Elental can be used that provide similar results.^[7] The elemental diet provides a high nitrogen source for patients from amino acids and acts as a medical bypass. Because the diet consists of the individual dietary components of food in their simplest form, the body does not have to do work to digest them. They prevent the food from "reacting" with the gut, preventing the occurrence of symptoms.^[6]^[8] The resulting positive nitrogen balance and alterations in the bacterial flora of the gut^[6] are likely to have beneficial effects in patients, helping to alleviate the symptoms of Crohn’s. However, due to the diet's consisting of fully broken down amino acids, the digestive loading is shifted from the gut to the liver. As such, liver function (via blood tests) should be monitored.

Disadvantages

As beneficial as the elemental diet is in patients, there are a few disadvantages. A common disadvantage is the taste of the elemental diet. Many patients are unable to tolerate the taste, even if the diet is flavoured, and choose to receive it through intragastric administration.^[4] Possible nausea and diarrhea can result from the high sugar content which can also complicate hyperglycaemia in patients with pre-existing diabetes.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
^ E Medicine Health
^ Kids Health From Nemours
^ ^a ^b ^c Progress Reports – Elemental Diets
^ British Medical Journal - Elemental diet as primary treatment of acute Crohn's disease: a controlled trial
^ ^a ^b ^c Elemental diets in the treatment of Crohn's disease
^ Elental Elemental Diet
^ Mail On Sunday - How to tackle Crohn's Disease without the help of drugs

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 炎症性腸疾患の成人における栄養と食事療法 nutrition and dietary interventions in adults with inflammatory bowel disease
2. 成人における健康食 healthy diet in adults
3. Overview of approach to lung cancer survivors
4. ケトン食 the ketogenic diet
5. 小児のための菜食料理 vegetarian diets for children

English Journal

Method validation and dissipation kinetics of four herbicides in maize and soil using QuEChERS sample preparation and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Pang N1, Wang T2, Hu J3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:793-800. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.081. Epub 2015 May 18.
A versatile liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method with modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample preparation was developed for the determination of rimsulfuron, mesotrione, fluroxypyr-meptyl, and fluroxypyr. By adjusting the amount of graphitized carb
PMID 26213040

Mercury accumulation in Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) with regards to muscle type, muscle position and fish size.

Bosch AC1, O'Neill B2, Sigge GO3, Kerwath SE4, Hoffman LC5.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:351-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.109. Epub 2015 May 27.
The concentrations and relationships between individual mercury species and total mercury were investigated in different muscle parts and sizes of Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Fourteen Yellowfin tuna caught in the South Atlantic off the coast of South Africa had an average total Hg (tHg) conc
PMID 26212981

Tunisian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-products: Characterization and potential effects on sensory, textural and antioxidant properties of dairy desserts.

Jridi M1, Souissi N2, Salem MB3, Ayadi MA4, Nasri M3, Azabou S4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Dec 1;188:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.107. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
Three Tunisian date varieties, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Allig, served to produce syrups and powders, which were then examined for their physico-chemical composition and antioxidant properties. Different proportions of these sweetening-like agents were incorporated to produce nine different formulat
PMID 26041157

Japanese Journal

新たな治療選択肢として : クローン病に対する血球成分除去療法(LCAPを中心にして)(<特集>炎症性腸疾患に対するアフェレシスの新展開)

澤田康史
日本アフェレシス学会雑誌 30(1), 8-11, 2011-02-28
… In a prospective multicenter pilot study, we have studied the effect and safety of the addition of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) to on-going drug therapy in refractory Crohn's disease (CD) patients who were not responding to the treatment with salicylic acids and elemental diet or parenteral nutrition for more than 2 weeks but steroid and immune suppressants were not used during the study. …
NAID 110008607570

ED tubeによる経管栄養治療が奏功した上腸間膜動脈症候群の1例

榎本剛彦,田中典生,塚原明弘 [他]
新潟医学会雑誌 125(2), 100-103, 2011-02
NAID 40018872975

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「経管栄養」「ED」「成分栄養剤」「成分栄養療法」「formula diet」
関連記事	「element」「diet」「elemental」「die」「dieting」