- 関
- electron transfer
WordNet
- make or undergo a transition (from one state or system to another); "The airline transitioned to more fuel-efficient jets"; "The adagio transitioned into an allegro"
- a musical passage moving from one key to another (同)modulation
- a change from one place or state or subject or stage to another
- a passage that connects a topic to one that follows
- cause to convert or undergo a transition; "the company had to transition the old practices to modern technology"
- of or relating to electronics; concerned with or using devices that operate on principles governing the behavior of electrons; "electronic devices"
- of or concerned with electrons; "electronic energy"
- the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices
- an elementary particle with negative charge (同)negatron
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (…から…へ)移り変わること,変遷;(…から…への)過渡期《+from+名+to+名》
- 『電子の』,エレクトロンの
- 電子工学
- 『電子』,エレクトロン
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/03/04 13:51:46」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
"Electronic transition" redirects here. For electronic transitions in film and video, see Wipe (transition).
Molecular electronic transitions take place when electrons in a molecule are excited from one energy level to a higher energy level. The energy change associated with this transition provides information on the structure of a molecule and determines many molecular properties such as color. The relationship between the energy involved in the electronic transition and the frequency of radiation is given by Planck's relation.
Contents
- 1 Organic molecules and other molecules
- 2 Solvent shifts
- 3 Line spectra
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Organic molecules and other molecules
The electronic transitions in organic compounds and some other compounds can be determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, provided that transitions in the ultraviolet (UV) or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum exist for this compound.[1][2] Electrons occupying a HOMO of a sigma bond can get excited to the LUMO of that bond. This process is denoted as a σ → σ* transition. Likewise promotion of an electron from a π-bonding orbital to an antibonding π orbital* is denoted as a π → π* transition. Auxochromes with free electron pairs denoted as n have their own transitions, as do aromatic pi bond transitions. Sections of molecules which can undergo such detectable electron transitions can be referred to as chromophores since such transitions absorb electromagnetic radiation (light), which may be hypothetically perceived as color somewhere in the electromagnetic spectrum. The following molecular electronic transitions exist:
- σ → σ*
- π → π*
- n → σ*
- n → π*
- aromatic π → aromatic π*
In addition to these assignments, electronic transitions also have so-called bands associated with them. The following bands are defined: the R-band from the German radikalartig or radical-like, the K-band from the German Konjugierte or conjugated, B-band from benzoic and the E-band from ethylenic (system devised by A. Burawoy in 1930).[3] For example, the absorption spectrum for ethane shows a σ → σ* transition at 135 nm and that of water a n → σ* transition at 167 nm with an extinction coefficient of 7,000. Benzene has three aromatic π → π* transitions; two E-bands at 180 and 200 nm and one B-band at 255 nm with extinction coefficients respectively 60,000, 8,000 and 215. These absorptions are not narrow bands but are generally broad because the electronic transitions are superimposed on the other molecular energy states.
Solvent shifts
The electronic transitions of molecules in solution can depend strongly on the type of solvent with additional bathochromic shifts or hypsochromic shifts.
Line spectra
Spectral lines are associated with atomic electronic transitions and polyatomic gases have their own absorption band system.[4]
See also
- Atomic electron transition
References
- ^ Morrill, Terence C.; Silverstein, Robert M.; Bassler, G. Clayton (1981). Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-02990-4.
- ^ Crouch, Stanley; Skoog, Douglas A. (2007). Principles of instrumental analysis. Australia: Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp. 335–398. ISBN 0-495-01201-7.
- ^ Burawoy, A. (1930). "Licht-Absorption und Konstitution, I. Mitteil.: Homöopolare organische Verbindungen". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) 63: 3155. doi:10.1002/cber.19300631130
- ^ Herzberg, Gerhard (1950). Molecular spectra and molecular structure. Princeton, N.J: Van Nostrand. ISBN 0-89464-270-7.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Sucrose behenate as a crystallization enhancer for soft fats.
- Domingues MA1, da Silva TL2, Ribeiro AP2, Chiu MC2, Gonçalves LA2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:972-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.109. Epub 2015 Jul 23.
- The addition of sucrose behenate for the modification of the physical properties of soft fats, such as soybean oil-based interesterified fat, refined palm oil, and palm mid fraction was studied. The addition of sucrose behenate was verified to affect the crystalline network of fats, changing the har
- PMID 26304437
- Influence of encapsulated functional lipids on crystal structure and chemical stability in solid lipid nanoparticles: Towards bioactive-based design of delivery systems.
- Salminen H1, Gömmel C2, Leuenberger BH3, Weiss J2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:928-37. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.054. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
- We investigated the influence of physicochemical properties of encapsulated functional lipids - vitamin A, β-carotene and ω-3 fish oil - on the structural arrangement of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The relationship between the crystal structure and chemical stability of the incorporated bioac
- PMID 26213058
- Ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction for the determination of some transition metals in Orujo spirit samples by capillary electrophoresis.
- Peña Crecente RM1, Lovera CG1, García JB1, Latorre CH1, Martín SG2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:263-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.101. Epub 2015 May 22.
- Ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled to capillary electrophoresis was optimized for the preconcentration and determination of Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Cd(II) as their complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen). Both pre- and on-capillary complexations were employed to obtain
- PMID 26212969
Japanese Journal
- Interacting quasi-band model for electronic states in compound semiconductor alloys: Zincblende structure
- Shinozuka Yuzo,Oda Masato
- Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(9), 091202, 2015-08-27
- … The interacting quasi-band model proposed for electronic states in simple alloys is extended for compound semiconductor alloys with general lattice structures containing several atoms per unit cell. … Using a tight-binding model, a variational electronic wave function for quasi-Bloch states yields a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix characterized by matrix elements of constituent crystals and concentration of constituents. …
- NAID 150000111301
- Analysis of the Trajectory Surface Hopping Method from the Markov State Model Perspective
- Akimov Alexey V.,Trivedi Dhara,Wang Linjun,Prezhdo Oleg V.
- Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84(9), 2015-08-18
- NAID 160000000825
- Lifshitz Transitions in Magnetic Phases of the Periodic Anderson Model
- Kubo Katsunori
- Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84(9), 2015-08-07
- NAID 160000000835
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