effective half-life

• 実効半減期

WordNet

1. the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); "the battery had a short life"; "he lived a long and happy life" (同)lifetime, life-time, lifespan
2. a characteristic state or mode of living; "social life"; "city life"; "real life"
3. the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living; "he hoped for a new life in Australia"; "he wanted to live his own life without interference from others"
4. the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones; "there is no life on the moon"
5. the period between birth and the present time; "I have known him all his life"
6. the period from the present until death; "he appointed himself emperor for life"
7. living things collectively; "the oceans are teeming with life"
8. the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities; "he could no longer cope with the complexities of life" (同)living
9. a living person; "his heroism saved a life"
10. a motive for living; "pottery was his life"
11. works well as a means or remedy; "an effective reprimand"; "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat"
12. producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; "an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witchs broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation"-LewisMumford; "effective teaching methods"; "effective steps toward peace"; "made an effective entrance"; "his complaint proved to be effectual in bringing action"; "an efficacious law" (同)effectual, efficacious
13. able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; "people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons..."-G.B.Shaw; "effective personnel"; "an efficient secretary"; "the efficient cause of the revolution" (同)efficient
14. exerting force or influence; "the law is effective immediately"; "a warranty good for two years"; "the law is already in effect (or in force)" (同)good, in effect, in force
15. existing in fact; not theoretical; real; "a decline in the effective demand"; "confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done"
16. ready for service; "the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers"
17. partially or to the extent of a half; "he was half hidden by the bushes"
18. one of two divisions into which some games or performances are divided: the two divisions are separated by an interval
19. (of siblings) related through one parent only; "a half brother"; "half sister"
20. consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity; "a half chicken"; "lasted a half hour"
21. partial; "gave me a half smile"; "he did only a half job"
22. Chinese distance measure; approximately 0.5 kilometers

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(無生物と区別して,生物が持っている)『生命』,命 / 〈U〉《集合的に》『生物』,生き物 / 〈U〉(死後の)霊,霊的存在 / 〈C〉人間(person) / 〈U〉『一生』,生涯 / 〈C〉『寿命』,活動(有効,耐久)期間 / 〈U〉『人生』,現世,世間 / 〈C〉〈U〉『生活』,暮らし,生き方,暮らし方 / 〈C〉『伝記』(biography) / 〈U〉『生気』,活気,元気(vitality)
2. 『効果的な』,効きめのある / (法律などが)『有効な』,実施されている / 印象深い,感銘的な / 実際に役立つ,実動の
3. 〈C〉〈U〉『半分』,2分の1;約半分 / 〈U〉《時刻を表す数詞と共に用いて》『半』,30分 / 〈C〉《おもに英》(2学期制の学校での)前(後)期 / 〈C〉(競技などの)前(後)半;(野球で1イニングの)表(裏) / 〈C〉=halfback / 『半分の』 / 不十分な,中途はんぱな / 『半ば』,半分[だけ] / 半時間だけ,30分だけ / 不完全に / かなり,ほとんど
4. おや,はああ,ああ(驚き・喜び・疑い・ためらいなどを表す声)
5. hectare; hectares

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/20 21:12:33」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Half-life (disambiguation).

In pharmacokinetics, effective half-life is the rate of accumulation or elimination of a biochemical or pharmacological substance in an organism, the biological half-life, when the kinetics are governed by multiple independent mechanisms. This is seen when there are multiple mechanisms of elimination, or when the drug occupies multiple pharmacological compartments. It reflects the cumulative effect of the individual half-lives, as observed by the changes in the actual serum concentration of a drug under a given dosing regimen. The complexity of biological systems means that most pharmacological substances do not have a single mechanisms of elimination, and hence the observed or effective half-life does not reflect that of a single process, but rather the summation of multiple independent processes.

Radionuclides

When radionuclides are used pharmacologically, for example in radiation therapy, they are eliminated through a combination of radioactive decay and biological excretion. An effective half-life of the drug will involve a decay constant that represents the sum of the biological and physical decay constants, as in the formula:

${\lambda _{e}}\,={\lambda _{p}}\,+{\lambda _{b}}\,$

With the decay constant it is possible to calculate the effective half-life using the formula:

$t_{1/2}={\frac {\ln(2)}{\lambda _{e}}}$

The biological decay constant is often approximated as it is more difficult to accurately determine than the physical decay constant.

Alternatively, since the radioactive decay contributes to the "physical (i.e. radioactive)" half-life, while the metabolic elimination processes determines the "biological" half-life of the radionuclide, the two act as parallel paths for elimination of the radioactivity, the effective half-life could also be represented by the formula:

${\frac {1}{t_{1/2e}}}={\frac {1}{t_{1/2p}}}+{\frac {1}{t_{1/2b}}}$ ,
or
$t_{1/2e}={\frac {t_{1/2p}\times t_{1/2b}}{t_{1/2p}+t_{1/2b}}}$.

External links

• Biological Half-life

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Doxorubicin encapsulated in stealth liposomes conferred with light-triggered drug release.

• Luo D1, Carter KA1, Razi A2, Geng J1, Shao S1, Giraldo D1, Sunar U3, Ortega J2, Lovell JF4.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2016 Jan;75:193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.027. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
• Stealth liposomes can be used to extend the blood circulation time of encapsulated therapeutics. Inclusion of 2 molar % porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP) imparted optimal near infrared (NIR) light-triggered release of doxorubicin (Dox) from conventional sterically stabilized stealth liposomes. The type
• PMID 26513413

• Oxidative photodegradation of herbicide fenuron in aqueous solution by natural iron oxide α-Fe2O3, influence of polycarboxylic acids.

• Kribéche Mel A1,2, Mechakra H1, Sehili T1, Brosillon S2.
• Environmental technology.Environ Technol.2016 Jan;37(2):172-82. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1065008. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
• The photodegradation of the herbicide fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea) by using a natural iron oxide (NIO), α-Fe2O3, in aqueous solution at acidic pH has been undertaken. The NIO was characterized by the Raman spectroscopy method. The degradation pathways and the formation of degradation product
• PMID 26102217

• PEGylated d-serine dehydratase as a d-serine reducing agent.

• Ito T1, Takada H1, Isobe K1, Suzuki M2, Kitaura Y1, Hemmi H1, Matsuda T1, Sasabe J2, Yoshimura T3.
• Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2015 Dec 10;116:34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.044. Epub 2015 Jan 4.
• d-Serine is an endogenous coagonist for N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and is involved in excitatory neurotransmission. Excessive receptor activation causes excitotoxicity, leading to various acute and chronic neurological disorders. Decrease in d-serine content may provide a therapeutic stra
• PMID 25617179

Japanese Journal

• 福島第一原子力発電所事故により放射性テルルで汚染された白米の経口摂取による預託実効線量

• 保健物理 51(1), 19-26, 2016
• NAID 130005163109

• ¹³⁷Cs Environmental Half-life without Remediation : Impact on Radiation Dose

• 保健物理 51(1), 51-59, 2016
• NAID 130005163103

• Rapid absorption of diclofenac and acetaminophen after their oral administration to cattle

• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005157207

Related Links

• Effective half-life - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Effective half-life denotes the halving of radioactive material in a living organism by means of radioactive decay and biological excretion. A decay constant is needed to calculate the half-life. It is the sum of the biological and physical decay ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「有効半減期」「実効半減期」
関連記事	「effective」「life」「half life」「half」

「有効半減期」

　　[★]

英

effective half-life, effective half life

関

半減期

「実効半減期」

　　[★]

英

effective half-life

関

半減期

「effective」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 効率的な、有効な、効果的な、効果のある、有効性の

関

active、availability、effectively、effectiveness、efficacious、efficacy、efficient、efficiently、forceful、valid、validity

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「life」

　　[★]

• n.

• 生命、生活、生涯、人生

関

lifelong、lifetime、vital

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「half life」

　　[★]

• 半減期

関

half-life、halflife、T1/2

「half」

　　[★]

• 半分

関

halves