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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/25 09:57:30」(JST)

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Ectropion is a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital Harlequin-type ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of tissue of the lower eyelid. The condition can be repaired surgically. Ectropion is also found in dogs as a genetic disorder in certain breeds.

Causes

Congenital
Aging
Scarring
Mechanical
Allergic
Facial nerve palsy
Anti-cancer treatments such as erlotinib, cetuximab, and panitumumab, which block the function of EGFR (the epidermal growth factor receptor).

Ectropion in dogs

Ectropion in a Cocker Spaniel

Ectropion in dogs usually involves the lower eyelid. Often the condition has no symptoms, but tearing and conjunctivitis may be seen. Breeds associated with ectropion include the Cocker Spaniel, the Saint Bernard, the Bloodhound, the Clumber Spaniel, and the Basset Hound.^[1] It can also result from trauma or nerve damage. Treatment (surgery) is only recommended if there is chronic conjunctivitis or if there is corneal damage. A small part of the affected lid is removed and then the lid is sewn back together.

References

^ Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed. ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.

External links

584056883 at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

One-stage reconstruction of full-thickness lower eyelid using a Tripier flap lining by a septal mucochondral graft.

Santos G1, Goulão J.Author information 1Dermatology and Venereology Departments, Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central , Lisbon , Portugal.AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm of the periorbital region. After tumor excision, the function of the eyelid has to be preserved, keeping the protection of the eyeball with preservation of damp, avoiding epiphora and ectropion. The authors describe the reconstruction, in a single surgical procedure, of a full-thickness defect of the outer half of the free edge of the lower eyelid through free chondromucosal graft of the septum and Tripier flap. There are very few cases that describe the septal chondromucosal flap in eyelid reconstruction. This case also corroborates the fact that the chondromucosal graft is a valuable surgical option for reconstruction of full-thickness lower eyelid defects.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Oct;25(5):446-7. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.768329. Epub 2013 May 6.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm of the periorbital region. After tumor excision, the function of the eyelid has to be preserved, keeping the protection of the eyeball with preservation of damp, avoiding epiphora and ectropion. The authors describe the reconstructio
PMID 23336755

Realism and construct validity of novel pelvic models of common gynecologic conditions.

Edwards S1, Cass G2, Lenguerrand E3, Fox R2, Crofts J3.Author information 1University of Bristol School of Clinical Sciences, RISQ Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: sian.edwards@doctors.org.uk.2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, RISQ Research, Taunton, UK.3University of Bristol School of Clinical Sciences, RISQ Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To test a novel set of pelvic trainers for realism and construct validity.
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.Int J Gynaecol Obstet.2014 Mar;124(3):270-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.09.016. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
OBJECTIVE: To test a novel set of pelvic trainers for realism and construct validity.METHODS: Seven models of the female pelvis were studied. Participants performed speculum and bimanual examinations, documented their findings, and recorded opinions of the models in a structured questionnaire. Resul
PMID 24373706

Generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski.

Anzalone CL1, Cohen PR.Author information 1Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: The initial patient with generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas was described by Grzybowski in 1950. The condition presents as hundreds to thousands of small (1-5 mm), flesh-colored to erythematous papules.
International journal of dermatology.Int J Dermatol.2014 Feb;53(2):131-6. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12318. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
BACKGROUND: The initial patient with generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas was described by Grzybowski in 1950. The condition presents as hundreds to thousands of small (1-5 mm), flesh-colored to erythematous papules.OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical characteristics and treatments of generalized er
PMID 24321108