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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/26 21:38:18」(JST)

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Echopraxia is the involuntary repetition or imitation of the observed movements of another. It is closely related to echolalia, the involuntary repetition of another's speech. The etymology of the term is from Ancient Greek: "ἠχώ (ēkhō) from ἠχή (ēkhē “sound”)" and "πρᾶξις (praksis, “action, activity, practice”)". Echopraxia is also known as echomotism.^[1]

Even though it is considered a tic, it is a behavior characteristic of some people with autism,^[2] Tourette syndrome, Ganser syndrome, schizophrenia (especially catatonic schizophrenia),^[3] some forms of clinical depression and some other neurological disorders.

Different theories have been presented about the etiology of echopraxia. Symptoms similar to echopraxia are exhibited by children who are still in developmental stages.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "Medical Dictionary Medilexicon". http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?s=echopraxia.
^ Realmuto GM, August GJ (December 1991). "Catatonia in autistic disorder: a sign of comorbidity or variable expression?". J Autism Dev Disord 21 (4): 517–28. doi:10.1007/BF02206874. PMID 1778964.
^ Pridmore S, Brüne M, Ahmadi J, Dale J (July 2008). "Echopraxia in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms". Aust N Z J Psychiatry 42 (7): 565–71. doi:10.1080/00048670802119747. PMID 18612859.

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1. 心因性不随意運動 psychogenic movement disorders
2. 成人における緊張病：疫学、臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 catatonia in adults epidemiology clinical features assessment and diagnosis
3. トゥレット症候群 tourette syndrome

English Journal

Electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in juvenile neuropsychiatric lupus.

Leon T1, Aguirre A1, Pesce C1, Sanhueza P1, Toro P2.
Lupus.Lupus.2014 Sep;23(10):1066-8. doi: 10.1177/0961203314533603. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations are serious and frequent complications of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor disturbance (including waxy flexibility and catalepsy), stupor, excitement, negativism, mutism, echopraxia and echolalia. Catat
PMID 24786782

[Introduction and transformation of the psychiatric term "anancasm". From Gyula (Julius) Donáth via Kurt Schneider to ICD-10].

Steinberg H1.
Der Nervenarzt.Nervenarzt.2014 Sep;85(9):1171-4. doi: 10.1007/s00115-013-3841-5.
The conceptual history of "anancasm" in psychiatry remains almost unexplored and this article will help to remove this deficit. It was the Budapest-based neuropsychiatrist Gyula Donáth (1849-1944) who first proposed this Greek-rooted term in 1897 as an international term for compulsive symptoms and
PMID 24036702

Echothymia: environmental dependency in the affective domain.

Marin RS, Gorovoy IR.
The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences.J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.2014 Winter;26(1):92-6. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13020020.
Echothymia is stimulus-bound affective behavior, an echophenomenon in the domain of affect. Like echolalia and echopraxia, it is a concomitant of the environmental dependency associated with dysfunction of the frontal-striatal systems that mediate so-called frontal lobe functions. The authors introd
PMID 24515681