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For the stellate cells found on the hyphae of fungi of the genus Stropharia, see Acanthocyte (mycology).

Acanthocytosis in a patient with abetalipoproteinemia.

Acanthocyte, in human biology and medicine, refers to a form of red blood cell that are spiked, or possess various abnormal thorny projections.^[1] Acanthocytosis is the condition with acanthocyte-like red blood cells.^[2]

These cells are coarse and irregularly crenellated resembling many-pointed stars. They are seen on blood films in, among others, abetalipoproteinemia^[3] , liver disease, chorea acanthocytosis, McLeod syndrome and several inherited neurological disorders, such as neuroacanthocytosis.^[4]

The term "echinocyte" (or "burr cell") is similar in meaning to "acanthocyte", but implies more moderate spiculation.^[5] Burr cells usually imply uremia.

References

^ "acanthocyte" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Wrongdiagnosis --> Acanthocytosis Retrieved on October 12, 2009
^ Cooper RA, Durocher JR, Leslie MH (July 1977). "Decreased fluidity of red cell membrane lipids in abetalipoproteinemia". J. Clin. Invest. 60 (1): 115–21. doi:10.1172/JCI108747. PMC 372349. PMID 874076. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372349/.
^ Rampoldi L, Danek A, Monaco AP (2002). "Clinical features and molecular bases of neuroacanthocytosis". J Mol Med 80 (8): 475–91. doi:10.1007/s00109-002-0349-z. PMID 12185448.
^ "Spiculated cells (echinocytes and acanthocytes) and target cells". http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~fOTUYEkkyXsiy6M. Retrieved 2009-06-16.

External links

Acanthocyte: Presented by the University of Virginia
Acanthocytes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 棘状細胞（棘状赤血球および有棘赤血球）と標的細胞 spiculated cells echinocytes and acanthocytes and target cells
2. 末梢血塗抹標本の評価 evaluation of the peripheral blood smear
3. 全身疾患による外因性の非免疫性溶血性貧血 extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemia due to systemic disease
4. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization
5. ピルビン酸キナーゼ欠損症 pyruvate kinase deficiency

English Journal

Quantitative microscopy approach for shape-based erythrocytes characterization in anaemia.

Das DK, Chakraborty C, Mitra B, Maiti AK, Ray AK.SourceSchool of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, India.
Journal of microscopy.J Microsc.2013 Feb;249(2):136-49. doi: 10.1111/jmi.12002. Epub 2012 Dec 17.
Anaemia is one of the most common diseases in the world population. Primarily anaemia is identified based on haemoglobin level; and then microscopically examination of peripheral blood smear is required for characterizing and confirmation of anaemic stages. In conventional approach, experts visually
PMID 23252834

NMR q-space analysis of canonical shapes of human erythrocytes: stomatocytes, discocytes, spherocytes and echinocytes.

Larkin TJ, Pages G, Chapman BE, Rasko JE, Kuchel PW.SourceSchool of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia, Tim.Larkin@cancer.org.uk
European biophysics journal : EBJ.Eur Biophys J.2013 Jan;42(1):3-16. doi: 10.1007/s00249-012-0822-8. Epub 2012 May 29.
q-Space plots obtained experimentally using pulsed field-gradient stimulated echo (PGSTE) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from water diffusing in red blood cells (RBCs) of different canonical (distinct variant) morphologies have "signature" features. The experimental q-space plots from
PMID 22644501

Japanese Journal

Involvement of Lipid Rafts of Rabbit Red Blood Cells in Morphological Changes Induced by Methylated β-Cyclodextrins(Biopharmacy)

MOTOYAMA Keiichi,TOYODOME Hiroshi,ONODERA Risako,IRIE Tetsumi,HIRAYAMA Fumitoshi,UEKAMA Kaneto,ARIMA Hidetoshi
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 32(4), 700-705, 2009-04-01
… In sharp contrast to β-CyD, M-β-CyD and DM-β-CyD induced morphological changes of RRBC from discocyte to echinocyte. … These results suggest that higher hemolytic activity and morphological changes from discocyte to echinocyte in RRBC induced by M-β-CyD and DM-β-CyD may be due to the extraction of both cholesterol and proteins from cholesterol-rich lipid rafts of RRBC, although DM-β-CyD may interact with sphingolipids-rich lipid rafts on RRBC membranes only slightly. …
NAID 110007160675

Change in Erythrocyte Shape Induced by Cyclosporine Administration

OHSAKO Masahiko,TO Hideto,NAKAMURA Chitose,YAMADA Misato,TSUZUKI Osami,TATSUO Emi,NAKASHIMA Tomoki,HIRAI Masami,SASAKI Hitoshi,ICHIKAWA Masataka,MATSUYA Fukuzo,SAITO Yutaka
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 21(11), 1236-1239, 1998-11-15
… In order to estimate the effect of the long term administration of cyclosporine (CsA) on the shape change of erythorocytes, erythorocyte shapes which are observed with a scanning electron microscope were classfieid according to the nomenclature of Bessis for stomatocyte-echinocyte shape transformation. … On the other hand, the erythrocytes of patients administered more than 100 ng/ml of CsA and posttransplanted within less than two years were transformed by CsA from the state of discocyte to echinocyte. …
NAID 110003639274